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Articles 41, showing 20

• GergesaBible

  Gergesa is one of the names given to the region on the eastern side of the Sea of Galilee where Jesus healed a demon-possessed man. The name appears in some Greek manuscripts but not in others.

• The Seventy DisciplesBible

  The Seventy Disciples were a group of disciples whom Jesus Christ appointed in addition to the Twelve and sent ahead of him, two by two, into every city and place he was about to visit. They appear only in Luke 10. Some manuscripts and translations give their number as seventy-two.

• Higher CriticismDoctrine & Theology

  Higher criticism is an approach to biblical study that uses historical and literary methods to investigate the authorship, date of composition, sources, and editorial process of each book of the Bible. It is distinguished from textual criticism, which compares manuscripts to reconstruct the original text.

• PapyrusBible

  Papyrus is an aquatic plant that grows in the marshes of the Nile Valley, and the name also refers to the ancient writing material made from its stalks. In the Old Testament it appears mainly as a plant, and in the New Testament as "paper." It is also important as the material of early New Testament manuscripts.

• Mark 16Bible

  Mark 16 is the final chapter of the Gospel of Mark. It contains the account of the women hearing the news of Jesus' resurrection at the empty tomb (vv. 1–8) and the account of the risen Jesus appearing, sending out his disciples, and ascending into heaven (vv. 9–20). Because verses 9–20 are absent from some early manuscripts, they are enclosed in brackets in some editions of the Bible.

• 1 John 5:7–8Bible Verses

  This passage states that there are three that bear witness: the Spirit, the water, and the blood. Some Latin manuscripts and later translations add the words "there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost." This addition, known as the Johannine Comma, has become the most famous case in biblical textual criticism.

• Mark 16:15-18Bible Verses

  In this passage the risen Jesus commands his disciples to preach the gospel to all the world and describes the signs that will follow those who believe. Although frequently cited as a missionary mandate, it belongs to the "Longer Ending of Mark," which is absent from the oldest manuscripts, so textual questions are discussed alongside its interpretation.

• Luke 2:14Bible Verses

  Luke 2:14 is the hymn of praise sung by the heavenly host before the shepherds on the night of Jesus' birth. It is a central verse in Christmas worship and hymnody, and manuscripts and translations differ over to whom peace on earth is given.

• Luke 1:37Bible Verses

  Spoken by the angel Gabriel to Mary in the Annunciation scene, this verse declares that nothing is impossible with God. It is often cited as a key verse on God's omnipotence and the fulfillment of His word. Its wording differs slightly among manuscripts.

• 1 Corinthians 14:34–35Bible Verses

  A Pauline passage instructing, "Let your women keep silence in the churches," and directing that if they wish to learn anything, they should "ask their husbands at home." It is a central text in debates over the ordination of women and the role of women in the church. Its position in the manuscript tradition is also debated.

• Luke 11:2-4Bible Verses

  The form of the Lord's Prayer recorded in the Gospel of Luke, given by Jesus in answer to a disciple's request that he teach them to pray. Because it is shorter than the form in Matthew, discussion often centers on the relationship between the two texts, manuscript variants, and the meaning of "lead us not into temptation."

• Luke 23:34Bible Verses

  Luke 23:34 records the prayer Jesus offered on the cross for those who were crucifying him: "Father, forgive them." It is traditionally counted as the first of the Seven Last Words from the Cross. The verse also raises a textual question, because the prayer is absent from some early manuscripts.

• John 8:7Bible Verses

  John 8:7 is the verse in which Jesus says to those about to stone a woman taken in adultery, "He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone at her." It is a classic text on mercy and forgiveness, but it raises a textual problem: the entire story is absent from the oldest manuscripts.

• Matthew 6:9-13Bible Verses

  Matthew 6:9-13 contains the prayer Jesus taught his disciples, which the church recites together as the Lord's Prayer. Discussion of the passage addresses how its form differs from the version in Luke, the absence of the closing doxology from the oldest manuscripts, and the translation of several of its words.

• Luke 22:19–20Bible Verses

  Luke 22:19–20 is the passage in which Jesus, at the Last Supper, shares the bread and the cup and speaks of his body and of the blood of the "new covenant." It is widely read as the basis for the institution of the Lord's Supper in the church, and it figures in discussions of how Christ is present in the sacrament and of a textual question in the manuscripts.

• John 8:11Bible Verses

  John 8:11 records Jesus' words to the woman brought to him after she was caught in adultery: "Neither do I condemn thee: go, and sin no more." The verse is often cited because it joins forgiveness with a call to a new life. Discussion of the verse also addresses the fact that the passage containing it is absent from the oldest manuscripts.

• DidacheHistory

  The Didache, meaning "the Teaching (of the Twelve Apostles)," is an early church document generally thought to have been written in the late first or early second century. It contains instructions on baptism, the Eucharist, fasting, prayer, and church offices.

• ThaddaeusPeople

  Thaddaeus was one of the twelve disciples of Jesus. The Gospels of Matthew and Mark call him "Thaddaeus," while the Gospel of Luke and the Book of Acts record him as "Judas the son of James." The two names are commonly understood to refer to the same person.

• Donation of ConstantineHistory

  The Donation of Constantine is a forged document purporting to record that the fourth-century Roman emperor Constantine I transferred authority over Rome and the Western Empire to Pope Sylvester I. It was in fact fabricated around the eighth or ninth century, and in the fifteenth century Lorenzo Valla exposed it as a forgery.

• Unification ChurchHeresies & Cults

  The Unification Church is a religious organization founded by Sun Myung Moon in 1954 under the name Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity. It is now called the Family Federation for World Peace and Unification. Korean Protestant denominations, including the Presbyterian Church of Korea (Tonghap), have formally declared it a heresy and a pseudo-religion.