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Articles 178, showing 20

• Peter Yi Seung-hunPeople

  Yi Seung-hun (李承薰, 1756–1801) was a Korean Catholic of the late Joseon period whose baptismal name was Peter. Baptized in Beijing in 1784, he became the first Korean to receive baptism and is counted among the founders of the Catholic Church in Korea.

• Yi ByeokPeople

  Yi Byeok (李檗, 1754–1785) was a Korean Catholic of the late Joseon period. He is regarded as one of the lay leaders who, together with Yi Seung-hun, Kwon Il-sin, and others, founded the Catholic Church in Joseon Korea. His pen name was Gwangam, and his baptismal name was John the Baptist.

• Nicene CreedDoctrine & Theology

  The Nicene Creed is a confession of faith first drafted at the Council of Nicaea in 325 and expanded at the Council of Constantinople in 381. It summarizes the Trinitarian faith and is one of the principal ecumenical creeds, accepted by the Catholic Church, the Orthodox Church, and Protestant churches alike.

• Deuterocanonical BooksBible

  The deuterocanonical books are books such as Tobit, Judith, and Maccabees that the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church include in the Old Testament but that are absent from the Hebrew Bible and the Protestant Old Testament. Protestants commonly call them the Apocrypha.

• Perpetual Virginity of MaryDoctrine & Theology

  The perpetual virginity of Mary is the teaching that Mary, the mother of Jesus, remained a virgin throughout her life, not only before but also after giving birth to Jesus. The Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church profess it as doctrine, while Protestants generally do not accept it.

• Marian VenerationDoctrine & Theology

  Marian veneration is the devotional practice of giving special honor and reverence to Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ. It is a tradition of the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church. Most Protestants respect Mary as an example of faith but do not make her an object of prayer or veneration.

• Guardian AngelDoctrine & Theology

  A guardian angel is an angel whom God sends to protect a person or community; the term also refers to the belief that God sends such angels. The Catholic Church teaches it as doctrine, while Protestants generally affirm angelic protection but do not insist that each person is assigned a single angel.

• Book of TobitBible

  The Book of Tobit tells the story of Tobit, a Jew living in Nineveh during the Assyrian exile, and his son Tobias. The Catholic and Orthodox churches accept it as part of the Old Testament, while most Protestants classify it among the Apocrypha (books outside the canon).

• ExorcismWorship & Rites

  Exorcism is the prayer and rite performed to drive demons out of a person believed to be possessed by evil spirits. The term refers chiefly to the official rite of the Catholic Church; Protestants more commonly speak of deliverance or casting out demons.

• Thomas AquinasPeople

  Thomas Aquinas (c. 1225–1274) was an Italian Dominican friar and the leading theologian of medieval Scholasticism. He wrote the Summa Theologiae and is venerated in the Catholic Church as a saint and Doctor of the Church.

• RelicDoctrine & Theology

  A relic is the preserved remains of a saint or martyr, an object that a saint or martyr used, or an object associated with the life of Jesus, kept as an object of veneration. The Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church venerate relics, while Protestants generally reject the practice.

• ConfirmationWorship & Rites

  Confirmation is a rite in which a baptized believer personally professes the faith and receives the laying on of hands to be strengthened in that faith. The Catholic and Anglican churches call it the Sacrament of Confirmation, and Lutherans also practice confirmation, while other Protestant denominations have a comparable rite of admission to church membership.

• Second Council of NicaeaHistory

  The Second Council of Nicaea was a council held in 787 at Nicaea in the Eastern Roman Empire. Amid the iconoclast controversy, it reaffirmed the veneration of icons. The Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church accept it as the Seventh Ecumenical Council.

• AntipopeHistory

  An antipope is a person who claims to be pope, or who has been set up as pope with the backing of a particular faction, in opposition to the Roman pontiff whom the Catholic Church recognizes as legitimate.

• Clerical CelibacyOrganization & Polity

  Clerical celibacy is a discipline that requires members of the clergy to remain unmarried and celibate. It is most notably practiced by the Latin Church of the Catholic Church, while Protestant churches have not followed it since the Reformation.

• Old Testament ApocryphaBible

  The Old Testament Apocrypha is the Protestant term for Jewish writings that appear in Greek manuscripts of the Old Testament but are absent from the Hebrew Bible. The Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church accept some of these books as canonical.

• Holy OilWorship & Rites

  Holy oil is oil set apart as sacred for use in rites. It originates in the anointing oil of the Old Testament. The Catholic, Orthodox, and Anglican churches use it in sacraments and rites, while Protestant churches, depending on the denomination, use it in limited ways, such as in prayer for the sick.

• Pope FrancisPeople

  Francis (1936–2025), born in Argentina, was the 266th pope of the Roman Catholic Church. He reigned from 2013 to 2025 and was the first pope from the Americas and the first from the Jesuit order.

• John 6:53–54Bible Verses

  In this passage Jesus says, "Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of man, and drink his blood, ye have no life in you." The Catholic Church and various Protestant traditions disagree on whether these words refer to the Lord's Supper and on how Christ is present in its bread and wine.

• John 20:23Bible Verses

  In this verse the risen Jesus gives the Holy Spirit to his disciples and says, "Whose soever sins ye remit, they are remitted unto them." The Catholic Church cites it as the scriptural basis for the sacrament of penance, while Protestants read it as a declaration of forgiveness through the proclamation of the gospel. Interpretations of the verse therefore differ sharply.