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• Encyclopedia 178

Articles 178, showing 20

• MaryPeople

  Mary is the woman presented in the New Testament as the mother of Jesus Christ. Protestants and Catholics both confess the virgin birth, but they differ in their understanding of Mary's status and of the veneration due to her.

• AdulteryBible

  Adultery is sexual intercourse between a married person and someone other than his or her spouse. The Bible forbids it in the Ten Commandments, and the prophets also used the term as a metaphor for forsaking God to serve idols.

• Sinlessness of ChristDoctrine & Theology

  The sinlessness of Christ is the Christian teaching that Jesus Christ, though he lived as a true human being, never sinned in thought, word, or deed.

• Gospel of NicodemusBible

  The Gospel of Nicodemus is an ancient Christian text that recounts the trial, death, and resurrection of Jesus and his descent into Hades. Also known as the Acts of Pilate, it is a work of New Testament apocrypha and is not part of the biblical canon.

• TobiasPeople

  Tobias is the protagonist of the Book of Tobit, one of the deuterocanonical books (the Apocrypha) of the Old Testament, and the son of Tobit. Guided on a journey by the angel Raphael, he married Sarah and cured his blind father.

• SacramentWorship & Rites

  A sacrament is a rite believed to have been instituted by Christ that signifies God's grace through visible signs such as water, bread, and wine. Protestants generally recognize two sacraments: baptism and the Lord's Supper.

• EpiphanyFeasts & Seasons

  Epiphany is a Christian feast, observed on January 6, that commemorates the manifestation of Jesus Christ to the world as the Son of God.

• Eucharistic ControversyControversies

  The Eucharistic controversy is the debate over how Christ is present in the bread and wine of the Lord's Supper. The four principal views are transubstantiation, consubstantiation, spiritual presence, and memorialism; during the Reformation, Protestants themselves were divided on the question.

• John CalvinPeople

  John Calvin (1509–1564) was a French-born Reformer and theologian who ministered in Geneva, Switzerland. His Institutes of the Christian Religion laid the foundation for Reformed and Presbyterian theology.

• 2 SamuelBible

  Second Samuel is a historical book of the Old Testament that records the period after Saul's death, when David became king over Judah and then over all Israel. It has twenty-four chapters.

• CelibacyChristian Life

  Celibacy, or singleness, is the state of living unmarried. In Christianity the term can also refer to a life in which a person chooses not to marry in order to devote himself or herself to the service of God. Understandings and practices differ among denominations.

• East–West SchismHistory

  The East–West Schism was the division between the Western Church (Roman Catholic) and the Eastern Church (Orthodox). Its starting point is commonly dated to 1054, when the papal legates and the Patriarch of Constantinople excommunicated each other.

• MaccabeesBible

  The Books of Maccabees record the Jewish revolt against persecution under the Seleucid dynasty in the second century BC. The Catholic and Orthodox churches include them in the Old Testament canon, while Protestants classify them as Apocrypha.

• Paschal CandleWorship & Rites

  The Paschal candle is a large candle lit at Easter whose light represents Christ risen in victory over death. It is used chiefly in churches of liturgical traditions, such as the Catholic and Anglican churches, and some Protestant churches also use it.

• Book of BaruchBible

  The Book of Baruch is a work attributed to Baruch, the scribe of Jeremiah. The Catholic and Orthodox Churches include it in the canon (in Catholic terminology, as a deuterocanonical book), while Protestants classify it among the Apocrypha and do not include it in the Bible.

• Letter of JeremiahBible

  The Letter of Jeremiah is a short work presented as a letter from Jeremiah to the Judean captives being carried off to Babylon, warning them against idolatry. The Catholic and Orthodox churches include it in the Bible, while Protestants classify it among the Apocrypha.

• Books of the MaccabeesBible

  The Books of the Maccabees are writings that record the Jewish resistance to persecution under the Seleucid dynasty in the second century BC and the martyrdoms that accompanied it. The Catholic and Orthodox Churches accept them as canonical (deuterocanonical), while Protestants classify them as Apocrypha.

• Book of JudithBible

  The Book of Judith is a sixteen-chapter book that tells how the widow Judith saved Israel by killing the enemy general Holofernes. The Catholic and Orthodox churches include it in the Old Testament, while Protestants classify it among the Apocrypha, outside the canon.

• HelenaPeople

  Helena (c. 248 – c. 330) was the mother of the Roman emperor Constantine I. In her later years she made a pilgrimage to Palestine and sponsored the construction of churches. She is venerated as a saint in the Catholic and Orthodox Churches.

• Wisdom of SolomonBible

  The Wisdom of Solomon is a Greek work, written in the voice of Solomon, that addresses wisdom, the immortality of the righteous, and the history of the Exodus. The Catholic and Orthodox churches include it in the Old Testament canon as a deuterocanonical book, while Protestants classify it among the Apocrypha.