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• Encyclopedia 178

Articles 178, showing 20

• The Korean Church and ConfucianismHistory

  The Korean church and Confucianism refers to the history of how Christianity, after entering the Neo-Confucian society of Joseon, clashed with and adapted to Confucian ancestral rites and the ethic of filial piety. Central to this history are the Catholic prohibition of ancestral rites and the persecutions that followed, as well as the Protestant prohibition of ancestral rites and the emergence of the memorial service.

• The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsHeresies & Cults

  The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is a religious organization founded by Joseph Smith in the United States in 1830 and commonly known as the Mormon Church. It accepts the Book of Mormon as scripture alongside the Bible. In South Korea, the Presbyterian Church of Korea (Tonghap), the Korean Methodist Church, the Presbyterian Church in Korea (Hapshin), and other denominations have declared it heretical.

• History of Christianity in ChinaHistory

  The history of Christianity in China extends from the arrival of the Church of the East under the Tang dynasty in the seventh century, through the Catholic and Protestant missions, to the present day. After the Communist government came to power, Chinese Protestantism divided into the government-registered Three-Self churches and the unregistered house churches.

• PriestChurch Offices

  A priest is one of the three holy orders in Anglicanism, alongside bishop and deacon, and is an ordained minister who presides at the Eucharist and cares for the church. Priests are commonly addressed as "Father," and unlike Roman Catholic priests, who observe celibacy, Anglican priests may marry.

• Teresa of ÁvilaPeople

  Teresa of Ávila (1515–1582) was a Spanish Catholic nun and mystic (one who seeks direct union with God). She reformed the Carmelite Order, founding the Discalced Carmelites, and wrote The Interior Castle. In 1970 she became the first woman proclaimed a Doctor of the Church.

• Paul Chong HasangPeople

  Paul Chong Hasang (丁夏祥, 1795–1839) was a Catholic lay leader in late Joseon Korea. After the Sinyu Persecution, he worked to rebuild the shattered church and to bring clergy into the country. During the Gihae Persecution, he left behind the *Sang Jaesang Seo* (Letter to the Prime Minister) and was martyred. His baptismal name was Paul.

• TrinityDoctrine & Theology

  The Trinity is the central Christian doctrine that God is one in essence and exists in three persons: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. It is confessed in common by Protestant, Catholic, and Eastern Orthodox churches.

• Carthusian OrderHistory

  The Carthusian Order is an enclosed Catholic religious order founded in 1084 by Bruno of Cologne in the Chartreuse Mountains of the French Alps. It is distinguished by its combination of eremitic life, in which each monk prays alone and in silence in his own cell, with communal worship.

• Ecumenical CouncilsHistory

  The ecumenical councils were assemblies of bishops representing the whole Church that decided matters of doctrine and church discipline. The seven councils held between 325 and 787 are recognized by both the Eastern and Western churches.

• Karl RahnerPeople

  Karl Rahner (1904–1984) was a German Catholic theologian and Jesuit priest. He served as a theological expert at the Second Vatican Council and is widely known for his concept of the "anonymous Christian."

• Dominican OrderHistory

  The Dominican Order is a Catholic religious order founded by the Spanish priest Dominic and approved by Pope Honorius III in 1216. Its official name is the Order of Preachers (O.P.). Together with the Franciscans, it is regarded as one of the foremost mendicant orders of the Middle Ages.

• IndulgenceHistory

  An indulgence was a certificate issued by the medieval Western Church that purported to remit the punishment due for sins already forgiven. Abuses in the sale of indulgences in the sixteenth century prompted Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses and the Reformation.

• Elisabeth Johanna SheppingPeople

  Elisabeth Johanna Shepping (1880–1934), known in Korea as Seo Seo-pyeong (徐舒平), was a German-born American nurse missionary of the Southern Presbyterian Church (Presbyterian Church in the United States). She arrived in Korea in 1912 and carried out medical work, women's education, and relief for the poor, primarily in Gwangju.

• English ReformationHistory

  The English Reformation was a series of sixteenth-century reforms, spanning the reigns of Henry VIII through Elizabeth I, by which the church in England broke away from the authority of the pope in Rome and was established as a national church with the monarch at its head.

• Girolamo SavonarolaPeople

  Girolamo Savonarola (1452–1498) was a Dominican friar and preacher active in Florence, Italy. He denounced corruption in the church and in society, was excommunicated, and was executed. Protestants commonly count him among the forerunners of the Reformation.

• Epistle of JudeBible

  The Epistle of Jude is the twenty-sixth book of the New Testament. It is a brief, single-chapter letter that warns against false teachers and urges believers to keep the faith, and it is classified among the General (Catholic) Epistles.

• Third JohnBible

  Third John is the twenty-fifth book of the New Testament. A brief personal letter from "the elder" to a believer named Gaius, it urges hospitality toward itinerant evangelists and rebukes the conduct of Diotrephes.

• 1 PeterBible

  First Peter is one of the General Epistles of the New Testament, a five-chapter letter that urges Christians scattered amid persecution and suffering to hold fast to hope and to live holy lives.

• James 5:14–15Bible Verses

  This passage instructs the sick to call for the elders of the church, who are to pray over them, anointing them with oil in the name of the Lord. The Catholic sacrament of the Anointing of the Sick, the divine healing ministry of Pentecostal churches, and Protestant pastoral visitation of the sick all appeal to this passage, though each understands its meaning differently.

• Ephesians 5:31–32Bible Verses

  A passage in which Paul quotes the "one flesh" saying of Genesis 2:24 and compares the union of husband and wife to the relationship between Christ and the church. It is often read at wedding services. Catholic and Protestant interpreters differ over whether the "mystery" should be understood as a sacrament.