Results for “Form Criticism”
Encyclopedia article
Form Criticism
Form criticism is a method of biblical interpretation that focuses on the oral stage of transmission before biblical texts were committed to writing; it divides texts into small units of tradition and studies their literary forms and the settings in which they were first used.
Articles 209, showing 20
- Hermann GunkelPeople
Hermann Gunkel (1862–1932) was a German Protestant Old Testament scholar. He is regarded as the founder of form criticism, a method that analyzes biblical texts according to their literary genres and the settings in life in which they arose.
- Textual CriticismDoctrine & Theology
Textual criticism is the discipline of comparing and examining biblical manuscripts, which differ slightly from one another, in order to recover the form closest to the text as originally written. It is foundational to Bible translation and exegesis.
- Ordination OfferingOrganization & Polity
An ordination offering is an offering made by a person receiving a church office, such as elder, kwonsa (a female lay office), or ordained deacon, on the occasion of the ordination service. The practice is widespread in Korean Protestant churches. Some regard it as an expression of gratitude, while others criticize it as a way of buying church office with money.
- Leipzig DebateHistory
The Leipzig Debate was a public theological disputation held in the summer of 1519 in Leipzig, Germany, between Johann Eck, professor of theology at the University of Ingolstadt, and Martin Luther and Andreas Karlstadt, professors of theology at the University of Wittenberg. The authority of the pope and of church councils became the central issue, and the debate is regarded as an important turning point in the early Reformation.
- Online WorshipWorship & Rites
Online worship is a form of worship in which a church streams or broadcasts its service over the internet or other media, allowing members to participate through a screen rather than gathering in a church building. It is also known as remote worship or video worship.
- Tongsung KidoChristian Life
Tongsung kido is a form of prayer in which everyone gathered prays aloud at the same time, each in his or her own words. Since the Great Pyongyang Revival of 1907, it has become one of the characteristic prayer practices of Korean Protestantism.
- Discipleship TrainingChristian Life
Discipleship training is a form of Christian education in which church members receive systematic instruction over a set period, through small-group Bible study, prayer, and examination of daily life, so that they may live as disciples of Jesus Christ. In Korea it spread widely as a program of lay training through Ok Han-heum and SaRang Community Church.
- Contemplative PrayerControversies
Contemplative prayer is a form of prayer that uses few words and rests silently in the presence of God. Some embrace it as a spiritual discipline, while others regard it as a departure from biblical prayer.
- ParableBible
A parable is a form of speech that conveys spiritual truth through comparison with everyday objects or stories familiar to the listener. In the church the term usually refers to the parables of Jesus recorded in the Gospels, which deal chiefly with the kingdom of God.
- Medical MissionsChristian Life
Medical missions is a form of Christian mission in which the sick are cared for through medical practice as a means of proclaiming the gospel or living out the Christian faith. In Korea, Protestantism is so closely tied to medical missions that it can be said to have begun with the hospital work of its early missionaries.
- Literature MissionChristian Life
Literature mission is a form of missionary work that proclaims the gospel and teaches the faith through written and printed materials such as Bibles, tracts, Christian books, and magazines. Today it is often understood to include e-books and online content as well.
- ChristBible
Christ is the English form of the Greek Christos, meaning "anointed one," and corresponds to the Hebrew Messiah. The New Testament applies this title to Jesus of Nazareth.
- Deposition (Church Discipline)Organization & Polity
Deposition is a form of church discipline in which an officer such as a minister, elder, or deacon is stripped of the office itself. It is distinct from excommunication, which also removes church membership.
- AstrologyDoctrine & Theology
Astrology is a form of divination that interprets the positions and movements of the sun, moon, and stars to discern human destiny and foretell future events. Christianity has traditionally shunned it on the basis of the biblical prohibitions against divination.
- Suspension (Church Discipline)Organization & Polity
Suspension is a form of church discipline in which an officer such as a pastor, elder, or deacon retains the office itself but is barred from performing its duties, either for a set period or indefinitely.
- RabboniBible
Rabboni is an Aramaic form of address meaning "my teacher." It is used twice in the New Testament to address Jesus and is best known as the word Mary Magdalene spoke when she recognized the risen Jesus.
- Rabbinic JudaismHistory
Rabbinic Judaism is the form of Judaism that was reconstituted after the destruction of the Jerusalem Temple in AD 70, centered on the study of the Law, prayer, and the synagogue in place of sacrifice. Most of contemporary Judaism derives from this tradition.
- Spiritual DirectionDoctrine & Theology
Spiritual direction is a form of spiritual companionship in which a person of mature faith meets regularly with another individual to help that person discern and deepen a relationship with God in prayer and in daily life.
- Luke 11:2-4Bible Verses
The form of the Lord's Prayer recorded in the Gospel of Luke, given by Jesus in answer to a disciple's request that he teach them to pray. Because it is shorter than the form in Matthew, discussion often centers on the relationship between the two texts, manuscript variants, and the meaning of "lead us not into temptation."