Results for “Manuscript”

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• Encyclopedia 41

Articles 41, showing 20

• Biblical ManuscriptsBible

  Biblical manuscripts are handwritten copies of the Bible transmitted before the advent of printing. No original autographs survive, and modern Bible translations are based on texts established by comparing many manuscripts.

• Leningrad CodexBible

  The Leningrad Codex is a manuscript of the Hebrew Old Testament copied around 1008 or 1009. It is known as the oldest surviving manuscript of the Masoretic Text that preserves the entire Old Testament, and it is the base text of modern critical editions of the Hebrew Bible.

• Dead Sea ScrollsBible

  The Dead Sea Scrolls are ancient Jewish documents discovered beginning in 1947 in caves around Qumran, northwest of the Dead Sea. They include the oldest extant Hebrew manuscripts of the Old Testament and are an important resource for the study of the biblical text.

• Nag Hammadi LibraryHistory

  The Nag Hammadi library is a collection of Coptic manuscripts from around the fourth century, discovered in 1945 near Nag Hammadi, Egypt. Containing some fifty works, including the Gospel of Thomas, it has become a key source for the study of Gnosticism in the early Christian era.

• Oxyrhynchus PapyriHistory

  The Oxyrhynchus Papyri are a large body of papyrus documents excavated from the late nineteenth century onward from the rubbish mounds of the ancient Egyptian city of Oxyrhynchus. They include New Testament manuscripts and Greek fragments of the Gospel of Thomas, among other texts.

• Aleppo CodexBible

  The Aleppo Codex is a manuscript of the Hebrew Old Testament believed to have been produced in Tiberias, Galilee, in the first half of the tenth century. It is regarded as one of the most accurate witnesses to the Masoretic Text.

• Codex SinaiticusBible

  Codex Sinaiticus is a fourth-century Greek manuscript of the Bible. It was discovered at Saint Catherine's Monastery at Mount Sinai and is known as the oldest surviving manuscript that contains the complete New Testament.

• Codex VaticanusBible

  Codex Vaticanus is a Greek manuscript of the Bible generally dated to the fourth century, containing both the Old Testament (Septuagint) and the New Testament. It is one of the oldest extant manuscripts of the Bible.

• Codex SinaiticusBible

  Codex Sinaiticus is a fourth-century Greek manuscript of the Bible. It is the oldest surviving manuscript that contains the complete New Testament and is a key source for the study of the biblical text.

• Codex AlexandrinusBible

  Codex Alexandrinus is a Greek manuscript of the Bible written around the fifth century, containing both the Old Testament (in the Septuagint) and the New Testament. Along with Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Vaticanus, it ranks among the foremost ancient manuscripts of the Bible.

• Textual CriticismDoctrine & Theology

  Textual criticism is the discipline of comparing and examining biblical manuscripts, which differ slightly from one another, in order to recover the form closest to the text as originally written. It is foundational to Bible translation and exegesis.

• Ketiv and QereBible

  Ketiv and qere are a Masoretic notation system marking places in manuscripts of the Hebrew Old Testament where what is written (ketiv) differs from what is read (qere).

• Byzantine TextBible

  The Byzantine text is the text type to which the majority of extant Greek New Testament manuscripts belong. Widely copied in the church of the medieval Byzantine Empire, it became the basis of the Textus Receptus and the King James Version.

• Majority TextBible

  The Majority Text is a textual-criticism term for a reconstructed text of the Greek New Testament that follows the common readings of the medieval Byzantine manuscripts, which make up the numerical majority of extant Greek New Testament manuscripts.

• Old Testament ApocryphaBible

  The Old Testament Apocrypha is the Protestant term for Jewish writings that appear in Greek manuscripts of the Old Testament but are absent from the Hebrew Bible. The Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church accept some of these books as canonical.

• Critical TextBible

  The critical text is an original-language text of the Bible reconstructed by comparing and examining the many extant biblical manuscripts and selecting the readings judged closest to the original. The term usually refers to the Greek text of the New Testament.

• Q SourceBible

  The Q source is a hypothetical collection of the sayings of Jesus that scholars posit as the source of material found in both Matthew and Luke but absent from Mark. No manuscript copy of it survives.

• NymphaPeople

  Nympha was an early Christian mentioned only once, in Colossians 4:15, who opened her home in the Laodicea region as a meeting place for the church. Depending on the manuscript, the name can be read as either masculine or feminine.

• Constantin von TischendorfPeople

  Constantin von Tischendorf (1815–1874) was a nineteenth-century German textual critic of the New Testament. At St. Catherine's Monastery on Mount Sinai he found the Codex Sinaiticus, a fourth-century Greek manuscript of the Bible, and made it known to the world.