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Baptism by Sprinkling and by Immersion
[Controversies]A debate over whether the biblical mode of baptism is sprinkling or pouring water on the head or submerging the whole body in water. In Korean Protestant usage, the same Greek word is rendered by two different terms: Presbyterians, Methodists, and others use a term meaning a rite of washing, while Baptists and others use a term meaning a rite of immersion.
Reformed Theology
[Doctrine & Theology]Reformed theology is a Protestant theological tradition that continues the line of Zwingli, Calvin, and others within the sixteenth-century Reformation. It emphasizes the sovereignty of God and the authority of Scripture. In Korea, it is represented chiefly by the Presbyterian churches.
Fruit of the Spirit
[Bible]The fruit of the Spirit refers to the nine virtues—love, joy, peace, and others—that Paul lists in Galatians 5:22–23 as the character displayed by those who live by the Spirit.
Resurrection Appearances
[Doctrine & Theology]The resurrection appearances are the occasions on which Jesus Christ, having died on the cross and risen again, showed himself to his disciples and others before his ascension.
Church Minister
[Church Offices]A church minister is a person whose principal work is ministry in the church, such as preaching, teaching, and pastoral care. In Korean Protestant usage, the associate pastors, evangelists, and others who assist the senior pastor are collectively called associate ministers.
Rabbi
[Bible]Rabbi is a Hebrew and Aramaic title of respect meaning "my teacher." In the New Testament Gospels, disciples and others use it to address Jesus and John the Baptist.
Catacombs
[History]The catacombs are underground cemeteries used in ancient Rome and elsewhere by early Christians, Jews, and others. Widely known as a symbol of faith in the age of persecution, they are studied as evidence of the burial customs and art of the early church.
Indigenization Theology
[History]Indigenization theology is a theological movement that seeks to interpret the gospel within the religious and cultural traditions of Korea. It was advanced in the 1960s by Yun Sung-bum, Yu Tong-shik, and others at Methodist Theological Seminary in Seoul, and the controversy surrounding it is known as the "indigenization debate."
Valley of Berachah
[Bible]The Valley of Berachah is the valley where Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, assembled with his people to bless the LORD after they were delivered from a coalition of Moabites, Ammonites, and others. The Hebrew name "Berachah" means "blessing" or "praise."
YWCA of Korea
[Institutions]The YWCA of Korea (Young Women's Christian Association of Korea) is a Protestant women's and youth movement founded in 1922 by Kim Hwal-lan, Kim Pil-rye, Yu Gak-gyeong, and others. It consists of member YWCAs throughout the country and the national federation that unites them.
Romans 16:1–7
[Bible Verses]In this passage near the close of Romans, Paul commends Phoebe, a servant of the church at Cenchreae, and sends greetings to Prisca and Aquila, Junia, and others. It is frequently cited as evidence of women's roles in the early church. Interpretations of Phoebe's office and of Junia are points of contention in the debate over the ordination of women.
Messiah
[Bible]Messiah, from the Hebrew for "anointed one," is a title applied in the Old Testament to kings, priests, and others; it later came to designate the deliverer whom God would send. The New Testament confesses Jesus as the Messiah, that is, the Christ.
Secundus
[People]Secundus was a Christian from Thessalonica who is mentioned only once in Scripture, in Acts 20:4. He was one of the companions, along with Aristarchus and others, who traveled with Paul near the end of his third missionary journey.
Bishlam
[People]Bishlam is a figure mentioned only once, in Ezra 4:7, who in the reign of Artaxerxes, king of Persia, joined Mithredath, Tabeel, and others in sending the king a letter written in Aramaic.
Yi Byeok
[People]Yi Byeok (李檗, 1754–1785) was a Korean Catholic of the late Joseon period. He is regarded as one of the lay leaders who, together with Yi Seung-hun, Kwon Il-sin, and others, founded the Catholic Church in Joseon Korea. His pen name was Gwangam, and his baptismal name was John the Baptist.
Yanghwajin Foreign Missionary Cemetery
[History]The Yanghwajin Foreign Missionary Cemetery is a foreign cemetery on the hill above Yanghwa Ferry in Hapjeong-dong, Mapo District, Seoul, South Korea. It began in 1890 with the burial of the medical missionary John Heron. It holds the graves of missionaries who worked in Korea and their families, as well as diplomats, journalists, and others.
Jeremiah
[Bible]Jeremiah is one of the Major Prophets of the Old Testament. It records the prophecies and life of the prophet Jeremiah, who ministered during the period when the Kingdom of Judah fell.
Peter's Confession
[Bible]Peter's Confession is the event near Caesarea Philippi in which Jesus asked His disciples, "But whom say ye that I am?" and Peter confessed Jesus to be the Christ.
Byeongin Persecution
[History]The Byeongin Persecution was the mass arrest and execution of Catholics and French missionaries by the Joseon court that began in 1866, while the Heungseon Daewongun held power. It is regarded as the largest persecution in the history of the Catholic Church in Korea.
Pelagianism
[Heresies & Cults]Pelagianism refers to the teachings of the early fifth-century monk Pelagius and his followers. It denied original sin (the doctrine that Adam's sin is passed on to all people), emphasized human free will and moral responsibility, and was condemned as heresy by several councils of the ancient church.