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Tyre and Sidon
[Bible]Tyre and Sidon were Phoenician port cities on the eastern Mediterranean coast, in present-day Lebanon. In the Old Testament they appear as trading partners of Israel and as objects of the prophets' pronouncements of judgment; in the New Testament they appear as Gentile regions reached by the ministry of Jesus.
Cyril of Alexandria
[People]Cyril of Alexandria (c. 376–444) was a fifth-century bishop of Alexandria and Church Father who opposed Nestorius at the Council of Ephesus in 431 and led the development of a Christology emphasizing the one person of Christ.
Measuring Line
[Bible]A measuring line is a cord used to measure length and area. In the Bible it appears chiefly in visions that anticipate the rebuilding of Jerusalem and the temple, and it also expresses the standard of divine judgment.
Annual Conference
[Organization & Polity]In Methodism, an annual conference is both the yearly meeting at which the clergy and lay representatives of a given region decide on the ordination of ministers, clergy membership and appointments, and the administration of local churches, and the regional unit over which that meeting has jurisdiction.
Barley Harvest Thanksgiving
[Feasts & Seasons]Barley Harvest Thanksgiving, also called Barley Harvest Thanksgiving Sunday, is a Protestant thanksgiving observance named after the Old Testament Feast of Harvest. In Korean Protestant churches, it is commonly held on the first Sunday of July with a thanksgiving service reflecting on the first half of the year.
Covetousness
[Doctrine & Theology]Covetousness is an excessive desire to possess what belongs to another or what one has not been granted. The last of the Ten Commandments forbids it, and the New Testament regards covetousness as a sin equivalent to idolatry.
Theodora
[People]Theodora (c. 500–548) was a sixth-century empress of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. The wife and closest adviser of Justinian I, she protected the churches that opposed the decisions of the Council of Chalcedon. The Orthodox Church venerates her as a saint.
Maoch
[People]Maoch is a figure named only once in Scripture, in 1 Samuel 27:2, as the father of Achish, the king of Gath with whom David took refuge while fleeing from Saul.
Scroll
[Bible]A scroll is an ancient form of book made from long strips of papyrus or animal skin joined together, written on, and stored rolled up. In Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Revelation, and elsewhere, it appears as a symbol of God's word and revelation.
Regulative Principle of Worship
[Doctrine & Theology]The regulative principle of worship is a principle of the Reformed tradition holding that public worship should include only those elements that Scripture commands or that can be legitimately derived from Scripture.
Ephesians 2:8–9
[Bible Verses]Ephesians 2:8–9 is a passage of Paul's letter declaring, "For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: Not of works, lest any man should boast." It is widely regarded as the passage that best summarizes the Reformation principles of "grace alone" and "faith alone," and what the word "that" refers to remains a matter of discussion.
Ashkelon
[Bible]Ashkelon was one of the five principal cities of the Philistines, located on the Mediterranean coast. It appears in the account of Samson and in David's lament, and several prophetic books name it as an object of judgment.
Eucharistic Controversy
[Controversies]The Eucharistic controversy is the debate over how Christ is present in the bread and wine of the Lord's Supper. The four principal views are transubstantiation, consubstantiation, spiritual presence, and memorialism; during the Reformation, Protestants themselves were divided on the question.
Unification Church
[Heresies & Cults]The Unification Church is a religious organization founded by Sun Myung Moon in 1954 under the name Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity. It is now called the Family Federation for World Peace and Unification. Korean Protestant denominations, including the Presbyterian Church of Korea (Tonghap), have formally declared it a heresy and a pseudo-religion.
Church Bylaws
[Organization & Polity]Church bylaws are a written body of self-governing rules that set out the basic principles of a church's operation, including its purpose, membership qualifications, decision-making bodies, election of officers, and management of finances and property.
Yi Ja-ik
[People]Yi Ja-ik was a Korean Presbyterian minister active during the Japanese colonial period and the years immediately following liberation. Once a hired farmhand in the household of a wealthy family in Gimje, he became a minister, served three terms as moderator of the Presbyterian General Assembly, and was the first principal of Daejeon Theological Seminary.
Erasmus
[People]Erasmus (c. 1466–1536) was a Dutch Catholic priest and humanist scholar. In 1516 he produced the first printed Greek New Testament to be published and circulated, a work that profoundly influenced the Reformation and Bible translation.
William Tyndale
[People]William Tyndale (c. 1494–1536) was an English reformer and Bible translator. He produced the first printed New Testament translated into English from the original Greek and was executed on charges of heresy.
Prophetic Symbolic Actions
[Bible]"Prophetic symbolic action" is a descriptive term for actions by which the Old Testament prophets made God's message visible through gestures, objects, and their own lives, alongside their spoken words.
Nevius Mission Policy
[History]The Nevius Mission Policy was a mission policy adopted by the Presbyterian missions in Korea in the early 1890s, based on methods proposed by John Nevius, a missionary to China. At its core are the three-self principles, under which the local church propagates itself (self-propagation), governs itself (self-government), and supports itself financially (self-support), together with systematic Bible study.