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Lepton
[Bible]The lepton was the smallest denomination of coin used in Judea in the New Testament period. In the Bible it is best known from the "two mites" that a poor widow put into the Temple treasury.
Ezekiel 14
[Bible]Ezekiel 14 rebukes the elders of Israel who come to inquire of the prophet while harboring idols in their hearts. It pronounces judgment on Jerusalem, declaring that even if righteous men such as Noah, Daniel, and Job were present, their righteousness could deliver only their own lives.
Bar Kokhba Revolt
[History]The Bar Kokhba Revolt was the last major uprising of the Jews of Judea against the Roman Empire, lasting from 132 to about 135. Its leader, Simon, was hailed as the Messiah, but the revolt failed, and he is often cited as a leading example of a "false messiah."
Pontius Pilate
[People]Pontius Pilate was the Roman governor of Judea who tried Jesus Christ and sentenced him to crucifixion. He appears in all four Gospels, and his name is included in the Apostles' Creed.
Jeremiah 12
[Bible]Jeremiah 12 contains Jeremiah's complaint asking why the wicked prosper, the LORD's reply, the LORD's lament over having given His own people into the hands of their enemies, and a promise of judgment and restoration for the neighboring nations.
Jeremiah 25
[Bible]Jeremiah 25 records a word given in the fourth year of Jehoiakim. It foretells that Judah will serve the king of Babylon for seventy years, after which Babylon itself will be punished, and it proclaims God's judgment on the world in a scene in which Jeremiah makes Jerusalem and the nations drink the cup of wrath.
Ezekiel 23
[Bible]Ezekiel 23 is a prophetic parable that likens Samaria, the capital of the northern kingdom of Israel, and Jerusalem, the capital of Judah, to two sisters, Oholah and Oholibah, who played the harlot. Through this image it indicts their alliances with foreign nations and their idolatry, and it pronounces judgment upon them.
Ezekiel 16
[Bible]Ezekiel 16 portrays Jerusalem as an infant abandoned in an open field. The LORD takes her into covenant and raises her to the rank of queen, but she becomes an unfaithful wife. Through this image the chapter pronounces judgment on Jerusalem's idolatry. It closes with God's promise to establish an everlasting covenant and restore her.
Amos 5
[Bible]Amos 5 anticipates the fall of the northern kingdom of Israel in the form of a funeral song (lament) and calls the people to repentance with the words "Seek ye me, and ye shall live." It rebukes worship devoid of justice and demands, "let judgment run down as waters, and righteousness as a mighty stream."
Idumea
[Bible]Idumea is the Greek name for the region south of Judea where the Edomites of old migrated and settled. In the Bible it appears in Mark 3:8 as one of the places from which crowds came to Jesus.
Jeremiah 15
[Bible]Jeremiah 15 contains God's irrevocable declaration of judgment against the people, along with Jeremiah's lament amid persecution and God's promise of restoration.
Jeremiah 14
[Bible]Jeremiah 14 is set against the backdrop of a drought that has struck Judah. It records the people's confession of sin and their lament, the LORD's reply that He will not accept their prayer, and His judgment on the false prophets who proclaim "peace."
Ezekiel 28
[Bible]Ezekiel 28 contains a prophecy rebuking the pride of the king of Tyre, a lament over him, a prophecy of judgment against Sidon, and a promise to regather scattered Israel.
Ezekiel 25
[Bible]Ezekiel 25 is the first chapter of the oracles against the foreign nations (chapters 25–32). It pronounces judgment on Ammon, Moab, Edom, and Philistia for rejoicing over Judah's downfall or for taking vengeance on Judah.
Ezekiel 29
[Bible]Ezekiel 29 opens the book's prophecies against Egypt. It pronounces judgment on Pharaoh, who boasts that the Nile is his own, by likening him to a great crocodile, and it foretells that the land of Egypt will be handed over to Nebuchadnezzar.
Zephaniah 2
[Bible]Zephaniah 2 calls Judah to repentance and then prophesies judgment on the surrounding nations, including Philistia, Moab, Ammon, Cush, and Assyria, along with the restoration promised to the remnant of Judah.
Seleucid Dynasty
[History]The Seleucid dynasty was a Hellenistic dynasty founded after the death of Alexander the Great by Seleucus I, one of his generals. It ruled Syria and Mesopotamia from about 312 BC to 64 BC and governed Judea during the intertestamental period.
Assumption of Moses
[Bible]The Assumption of Moses is a Jewish pseudepigraphal work framed as Moses foretelling Israel's future to Joshua before his death. Early church fathers explained that the account in Jude 1:9 of Michael disputing with the devil came from this book.
Zephaniah 3
[Bible]Zephaniah 3 is the final chapter of the Book of Zephaniah. It opens with a declaration of judgment rebuking the sins of Jerusalem's leaders and closes with promises of the purification of the nations, the restoration of the remnant, and the joy of Zion.
Isaiah 63
[Bible]Isaiah 63 portrays one clothed in red garments who comes from Edom and alone executes judgment on the enemies. It then presents the people's prayer of lament, which recalls God's grace in the Exodus and confesses, "Thou, O LORD, art our father."