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Ashdod
[Bible]Ashdod was one of the five Philistine cities on the Mediterranean coastal plain. It is known as the site of the temple of Dagon to which the ark of the covenant was carried in 1 Samuel 5, and it appears in the New Testament under the name Azotus.
Cornerstone
[Bible]A cornerstone is an important stone set at the corner of a building to align its walls and stabilize its structure. It appears in Psalm 118 and Isaiah 28, and the New Testament takes up the image as a reference to Jesus Christ.
Roman Empire
[History]The Roman Empire was a state that ruled the Mediterranean world, beginning with the accession of Augustus in 27 BC. It forms the historical background of the New Testament. After persecuting Christianity, it legalized the faith in the fourth century and later made it the state religion.
Herod's Temple
[Bible]Herod's Temple is the Second Temple in Jerusalem as extensively renovated and expanded by Herod the Great beginning in the late first century BC. It is the "temple" of the New Testament, frequented by Jesus and the early church, and it was destroyed by the Roman army in AD 70.
City of David
[Bible]The City of David is the name King David gave to the stronghold of Zion after capturing it from the Jebusites. It designates the oldest quarter of Jerusalem, on the city's southeastern hill. In the New Testament, the Gospel of Luke uses the same expression for Bethlehem, David's hometown.
Noah's Ark
[Bible]Noah's ark is the large vessel that God commanded Noah to build in Genesis 6–9. Noah's family of eight and the animals survived the Flood aboard it. The New Testament takes up the ark as an image of faith, salvation, and baptism.
Sin Offering
[Bible]The sin offering is one of the Old Testament sacrifices prescribed in Leviticus. It was offered for sins committed unknowingly and for ritual impurity, and its rite involved putting an animal's blood on the altar and sprinkling it. The New Testament connects it with the death of Christ.
Brothers of Jesus
[Bible]A collective term for James, Joseph (Joses), Simon, and Judas, who are called the "brothers" of Jesus in the New Testament, together with his unnamed sisters. Christian traditions differ in their understanding of how these individuals were related to Jesus.
Captain of Thousands
[Bible]A captain of thousands is the biblical term for a leader who governed or commanded a unit of one thousand. In the Old Testament it denotes a judicial and military office within Israel; in the New Testament it refers chiefly to a commander in the Roman army.
Zarephath
[Bible]Zarephath was a Phoenician town on the Mediterranean coast between Tyre and Sidon. The prophet Elijah stayed there during a drought and was provided for by a widow. In the New Testament the name appears as "Sarepta."
Cyrene
[Bible]Cyrene was a Greek city on the northeastern coast of present-day Libya in North Africa. In the New Testament it appears as the hometown of Simon, who carried the cross for Jesus, and as the place of origin of early Christian evangelists who preached the gospel to Gentiles in Antioch.
Mary, Wife of Clopas
[People]Mary, the wife of Clopas, was one of the women who stood by Jesus at his crucifixion. A New Testament figure, she appears under this name only in John 19:25.
Tassels
[Bible]Tassels (fringes) were the cords that the people of Israel attached to the four corners of their outer garments in accordance with Old Testament law. They served as a sign reminding the wearer of God's commandments. In the New Testament they are frequently discussed in connection with the account of the woman with the issue of blood who touched the edge of Jesus' garment.
Athanasius
[People]Athanasius (c. 296 or 298–373) was a fourth-century bishop of Alexandria. He defended the full divinity of the Son against Arianism and is known as the first to set forth the list of twenty-seven New Testament books recognized today.
Temple Tax
[Bible]The temple tax was a payment made by adult Israelite men for the upkeep of the sanctuary (the tabernacle and later the temple) and its worship. It originated in the half-shekel regulation of Exodus and appears in the New Testament in Matthew 17.
Clean and Unclean
[Bible]Clean and unclean is the distinction in Old Testament law that determined whether persons, animals, or objects were in a fit state to approach God and take part in worship. The New Testament carries this distinction forward in terms of purity of heart and the cleansing accomplished through Christ.
Sojourner
[Bible]A sojourner is a person who has left his or her own land and lives in a land belonging to others. Old Testament law commands the protection of sojourners, and the New Testament calls believers sojourners in the world.
Leaven
[Bible]Leaven is fermented dough used to make bread rise. In the Old Testament it appears in the regulations for the Feast of Unleavened Bread and for sacrificial offerings. In the New Testament it serves as an image both of the kingdom of God and of evil teaching and sin.
Jabbok River
[Bible]The Jabbok is a tributary that flows into the Jordan River from the east. It is known as the place where Jacob, before crossing its ford, wrestled through the night and received the new name "Israel."
Inheritance
[Bible]Inheritance is a biblical term for a portion given by God or handed down from generation to generation. In the Old Testament it chiefly refers to the land that the tribes and families of Israel received by lot; in the New Testament it refers to the inheritance of salvation that believers will receive.