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Tophet
[Bible]Tophet was a site in the Valley of Hinnom south of Jerusalem. The Old Testament presents it as a place where children were burned as offerings in idolatrous worship, and the prophet Jeremiah made it a symbol of judgment.
Psalm 137
[Bible]Psalm 137 is a nine-verse lament in which the people carried captive to Babylon mourn by its rivers as they remember Zion, vow never to forget Jerusalem, and then call for judgment on Edom and Babylon.
Zealots
[Bible]The Zealots were Jewish groups in first-century Judea under Roman rule who resisted foreign domination in the name of "zeal" for God and the Law. In the Bible the term appears as "Zelotes," the epithet of Simon, one of the twelve disciples.
Lake of Fire
[Bible]The lake of fire is the place of final judgment described in the Book of Revelation. The beast, the false prophet, the devil, death and Hades, and all whose names are not found written in the book of life are cast into it, and the text calls it "the second death."
Micah 4
[Bible]Micah 4 follows announcements of judgment with promises of restoration. It speaks of the nations streaming to Zion in the last days, a peace in which war ceases, the restoration of the scattered remnant, and deliverance in Babylon.
Maccabean Revolt
[History]The Maccabean Revolt was a Jewish uprising begun in 167 BC by the priest Mattathias and his sons after Antiochus IV of the Seleucid dynasty outlawed the practice of Judaism. It led to the rededication of the Jerusalem temple and the establishment of the Hasmonean dynasty.
Isaiah 65
[Bible]Isaiah 65 is a prophecy that contrasts judgment on a rebellious people who have forsaken God with the blessings promised to his remaining "servants," and that promises the creation of new heavens and a new earth.
Ezekiel 6
[Bible]Ezekiel 6 is the chapter in which Ezekiel prophesies against the mountains of Israel. Judgment by sword, famine, and pestilence falls on a people who worshiped at high places and served idols, yet the chapter declares that a remnant scattered among the nations will remember God and repent.
Ezekiel 17
[Bible]Ezekiel 17 uses the parable of two eagles and a vine to rebuke the king of Judah for breaking his covenant with Babylon and relying on Egypt. The chapter closes with God's promise of restoration: He will plant a tender twig from the top of a cedar on a high mountain.
Hosea 13
[Bible]Hosea 13 is a declaration of judgment against Ephraim (the northern kingdom of Israel), which had forgotten God through idolatry and pride. It foretells the fall of Samaria. Paul quoted verse 14, "O death, I will be thy plagues," in his teaching on the resurrection.
Micah 2
[Bible]Micah 2 pronounces judgment on those who seize the fields and houses of others, indicts both the people who try to silence prophecy and the false prophets, and promises that the remnant of Israel will be gathered again.
Revelation 9
[Bible]Revelation 9 records the fifth and sixth trumpet judgments. Locusts from the bottomless pit torment people, and four angels released from the Euphrates, together with an army of horsemen, kill a third of humanity, yet the survivors do not repent.
Epistles
[Bible]The Epistles are the twenty-one books of the New Testament, from Romans through Jude, that were written in letter form. They are commonly divided into the Pauline Epistles, Hebrews, and the General Epistles, and within the Pauline Epistles the Prison Epistles and the Pastoral Epistles are often distinguished.
Micah
[Bible]The sixth book of the Minor Prophets in the Old Testament, containing the message of Micah, a prophet of Judah in the eighth century BC. It is known for its proclamation of judgment on social injustice, its promise of restoration, and its prophecy of a ruler who would come forth from Bethlehem.
Jonah
[Bible]The Book of Jonah is the fifth of the twelve Minor Prophets of the Old Testament. It tells the story of the prophet Jonah, who flees from God's command but eventually proclaims judgment against Nineveh; when Nineveh repents, God relents from the disaster He had threatened.
Second Epistle of John
[Bible]The Second Epistle of John is the twenty-fourth book of the New Testament, a brief letter of thirteen verses from an author who calls himself "the elder" to "the elect lady and her children." It sets forth the commandment to love one another and warns against false teachers.
Samaritan Woman
[People]The Samaritan woman is an unnamed woman in John 4 who spoke with Jesus at Jacob's well near the Samaritan town of Sychar and then told the people of her town about him.
Book of Enoch
[Bible]The Book of Enoch is an ancient Jewish apocalyptic work transmitted under the name of Enoch, the figure in Genesis. One of its passages is quoted in Jude 1:14-15, but neither Protestants nor Catholics regard it as canonical.
Destruction of Jerusalem (AD 70)
[History]The destruction of Jerusalem (AD 70) was the capture of Jerusalem and the burning of the Second Temple by the Roman army under Titus during the First Jewish–Roman War. The event profoundly changed both Judaism and early Christianity.
Rule of Faith
[Doctrine & Theology]The rule of faith (regula fidei) is a summary of the content of the faith that the early church regarded as received from the apostles; it served as a standard for judging whether teaching was sound.