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• Tryphena and Tryphosa

  [People]

  Tryphena and Tryphosa were two women believers in the church at Rome whom the apostle Paul greeted in Romans 16:12 as those who "labour in the Lord." They appear in Scripture only in this single verse.

• Bigthan and Teresh

  [People]

  Bigthan and Teresh were two eunuchs of the Persian king Ahasuerus who appear in the Book of Esther. They plotted to kill the king but were executed after Mordecai exposed their conspiracy.

• Phygelus and Hermogenes

  [People]

  Phygelus and Hermogenes are two men named in 2 Timothy 1:15. Of those in the Roman province of Asia who "turned away" from Paul, they are the two whom Paul singles out by name.

• Oreb and Zeeb

  [People]

  Oreb and Zeeb were two princes (commanders) of Midian who were captured and killed by the men of Ephraim when Gideon defeated the Midianites during the period of the judges. They appear in Judges 7–8 and Psalm 83.

• Orphans and Widows

  [Bible]

  "Orphans and widows" is a biblical word pair for people whose livelihood and legal protection were weakened by the loss of a husband or father. Often grouped with the sojourner, they represent the socially vulnerable for whom God shows special care.

• Meshech and Tubal

  [Bible]

  Meshech and Tubal are two peoples introduced in the Old Testament as descendants of Japheth. In the Book of Ezekiel they appear as northern nations that traded with Tyre and as peoples ruled by Gog.

• Admah and Zeboim

  [Bible]

  Admah and Zeboim were cities in the plain of the Jordan, near the Dead Sea, that Scripture associates with Sodom and Gomorrah. They are recorded as having been destroyed together by God's judgment, and the Book of Hosea mentions them in a passage about God's compassion.

• Colonialism and Missions

  [History]

  Colonialism and missions refers to the historical relationship in which European overseas expansion and Christian missionary work became intertwined from the fifteenth century onward. The term also covers the criticism and reassessment surrounding that relationship.

• Cyril and Methodius

  [History]

  Cyril and Methodius were ninth-century missionary brothers from Thessalonica in the Byzantine Empire. They introduced worship in the Slavic language in Great Moravia and created the Glagolitic alphabet, earning them the title "Apostles to the Slavs."

• The Korean Church and Shamanism

  [History]

  This article examines the relationship between Korean Protestantism and shamanism (musok). Protestants confronted shamanism in the early missionary period, indigenization theology later studied it, and critics have continued to attribute prosperity-oriented faith in Korean churches to shamanistic influence.

• Science and Faith

  [Doctrine & Theology]

  Science and faith is a topic concerning the relationship between science, which explains nature through observation and experiment, and faith, which rests on belief in God's revelation. It is also called "science and religion."

• Christianity and Culture

  [Doctrine & Theology]

  A theological topic concerning the relationship between the Christian faith and human culture, including language, the arts, customs, and institutions. Traditions differ on whether Christians should keep their distance from culture, accept it, or seek to transform it.

• Christianity and Economics

  [Doctrine & Theology]

  Christianity and economics is a field of theology and Christian ethics that seeks to understand economic life, including wealth, labor, property, and distribution, in the light of the Christian faith.

• Faith and Reason

  [Doctrine & Theology]

  Faith and reason is a theological topic concerning the relationship between belief in God and the human capacity for thought and argument. Denominations and theologians differ on whether the two are in harmony and on which takes precedence.

• Nature and Grace

  [Doctrine & Theology]

  Nature and grace is a theological topic concerning how created human nature and the world ("nature") relate to the free grace of God ("grace").

• Traditional and Contemporary Worship

  [Doctrine & Theology]

  Traditional worship and contemporary worship are terms that distinguish services by their form and musical style. Worship centered on hymns and a fixed order of service is called traditional worship, while worship centered on contemporary praise music led by a praise team, with a more flexible order, is called contemporary worship.

• Spirit and Flesh

  [Bible]

  Spirit and flesh are a pair of terms the Bible uses to describe human beings as they stand before God. They may refer to the constitution of the human person (spirit, soul, and body), and in the Pauline epistles they can also denote the opposition between a life that follows the Holy Spirit and a life inclined toward sin.

• Chapter and Verse Divisions of the Bible

  [Bible]

  The chapter and verse divisions of the Bible are the system by which the biblical text is divided into numbered chapters and verses. They were not part of the original text. Chapter divisions were introduced in the early thirteenth century, and New Testament verse numbers in the mid-sixteenth century.

• Ancestral Rites and Memorial Services

  [Controversies]

  The question of whether ancestral rites should be forbidden as idolatry or regarded as a cultural expression of filial piety. Korean Protestant churches have prohibited ancestral rites and have instead held memorial services.

• The Church and Politics

  [Controversies]

  The question of how the church and individual Christians should engage in politics. Views differ on the meaning of the separation of church and state, the boundary between preaching and political speech, and the proper forms of the church's social engagement.