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Waters of Merom
[Bible]The waters of Merom are the site where, according to Joshua 11, a northern Canaanite coalition led by Jabin king of Hazor encamped and was defeated in a surprise attack by Joshua. This battle opened the way for the conquest of northern Canaan.
Census of Quirinius
[Bible]The census in Luke 2 was a registration of inhabitants carried out by order of the Roman emperor Caesar Augustus. Because of this census, Joseph and Mary traveled to Bethlehem, where Jesus was born.
Orphans and Widows
[Bible]"Orphans and widows" is a biblical word pair for people whose livelihood and legal protection were weakened by the loss of a husband or father. Often grouped with the sojourner, they represent the socially vulnerable for whom God shows special care.
Field of Zophim
[Bible]The field of Zophim is a field at the top of Pisgah mentioned in Numbers 23. It was the second place to which Balak, king of Moab, brought Balaam to curse Israel, and there, too, Balaam pronounced a blessing instead of a curse.
Seminal Logos
[Doctrine & Theology]The seminal logos is a concept used by the second-century apologist Justin Martyr. It holds that the Word of God (the Logos) has been sown like a seed in every person, so that even those who lived before Christ could know the truth in part.
Fair Havens
[Bible]Fair Havens was a harbor on the southern coast of the island of Crete, near the city of Lasea, where the ship carrying Paul stopped on its way to Rome, according to Acts 27.
Presence of God
[Doctrine & Theology]The presence of God refers to God's being with a particular place, person, or community. Denominations differ in their emphases on how this presence is experienced and understood in worship and prayer.
Temple Mount
[Bible]The Temple Mount is a hill on the eastern side of the Old City of Jerusalem. It was the site of Solomon's Temple and later of the Second Temple, and 2 Chronicles 3:1 calls it "mount Moriah."
Easter Controversy
[History]The Easter controversy is a dispute within the church, dating back to the second century, over when Easter should be observed. The term encompasses the Quartodeciman controversy in Asia Minor, the decision of the Council of Nicaea, and the calendar differences between the Western and Eastern churches.
Fourth Lateran Council
[History]The largest council of the Middle Ages, convened by Pope Innocent III in 1215 at the Lateran Basilica in Rome. It enacted seventy-one canons, including a confession of faith affirming creation from nothing and the transubstantiation of the Eucharist, and a requirement that the faithful confess at least once a year.
Wrath of God
[Doctrine & Theology]The wrath of God is a theological term for God's holy opposition to and judgment upon sin and unrighteousness. It appears throughout the Bible and is an important theme in explaining the doctrines of atonement and salvation.
Seven Sacraments
[Doctrine & Theology]The Seven Sacraments are the seven rites that the Catholic Church professes to be signs of grace instituted by Christ: Baptism, Confirmation, the Eucharist, Penance, the Anointing of the Sick, Holy Orders, and Matrimony. Most Protestants recognize only two sacraments, Baptism and the Lord's Supper.
Hypostatic Union
[Doctrine & Theology]The hypostatic union is the Christological teaching that in the one person of Jesus Christ true divinity and true humanity are joined in a single hypostasis (person), without being mixed or divided.
Garden Tomb
[History]The Garden Tomb is a rock-cut tomb and garden north of the Damascus Gate in the Old City of Jerusalem. It became known in the nineteenth century when some Protestants proposed it as the tomb of Jesus, and today it is a favored place of reflection for Protestant pilgrims.
Glory of God
[Doctrine & Theology]The glory of God refers to the majesty and beauty of God's being and character and to their manifestation in the world. The term can also denote the act of human beings exalting and praising God.
Satisfaction Theory
[Doctrine & Theology]The satisfaction theory is a theory of the atonement that explains the death of Christ as rendering the "satisfaction" (reparation) rightly owed for the glory (honor) of God that has been injured by sin. It was systematized by Anselm of Canterbury in the late eleventh century.
Moral Influence Theory
[Doctrine & Theology]The moral influence theory is a theory of the atonement holding that the heart of the atonement lies in Christ's death on the cross revealing God's love, which moves human hearts and leads people to repentance and love.
Valley of Rephaim
[Bible]The Valley of Rephaim was a valley southwest of Jerusalem that formed part of the boundary between the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. It is known as the place where David twice defeated the Philistine army encamped there.
Valley of Hamon-gog
[Bible]The Valley of Hamon-gog is a place name in Ezekiel 39. It is the name to be given to the burial ground where Gog and his multitude will be buried after they come against Israel and are destroyed. The name means "the valley of the multitude of Gog."
Passion Predictions
[Bible]The passion predictions are the occasions on which Jesus told his disciples in advance that he would suffer and be put to death in Jerusalem and would rise again after three days (on the third day). They are recorded three times in the Synoptic Gospels.