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Smyrna
[Bible]Smyrna was a port city on the Aegean coast of western Asia Minor and the home of one of the seven churches to which the risen Christ sent letters in Revelation 2. It corresponds to the modern city of İzmir, Türkiye.
Ittai
[People]Ittai the Gittite was a foreign commander from the Philistine city of Gath who remained with David to the end when the king fled during Absalom's rebellion. He appears in 2 Samuel as the commander of one-third of David's army.
Esarhaddon
[People]Esarhaddon was a king of Assyria who succeeded Sennacherib after Sennacherib was murdered by his sons. He is mentioned briefly by name in 2 Kings, Isaiah, and Ezra.
Hanun
[People]Hanun was king of the Ammonites in the time of David, succeeding his father Nahash at his death. By humiliating the envoys David sent to console him, he provoked war between Israel and Ammon (2 Samuel 10; 1 Chronicles 19).
Geshem
[People]Geshem was an Arabian who, together with Sanballat and Tobiah, mocked and obstructed Nehemiah's work of rebuilding the walls of Jerusalem. He appears in Nehemiah 2 and 6.
Ahaziah (King of Judah)
[People]Ahaziah was a king of the southern kingdom of Judah and the son of Jehoram and Athaliah. He reigned for one year and was killed along with Joram, king of the northern kingdom of Israel, when Jehu rebelled (2 Kings 9; 2 Chronicles 22).
Absalom's Rebellion
[Bible]Absalom's rebellion was the revolt in which Absalom, son of King David, declared himself king in Hebron and rose up against his father. Recounted in 2 Samuel 15–18, it ends with Absalom's death and David's mourning.
Kenosis
[Doctrine & Theology]Kenosis, or self-emptying, is a theological term for the incarnation and humiliation of Christ. It derives from Philippians 2:7, which says that Christ "made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant" and became man.
Feast of the Holy Innocents
[Feasts & Seasons]The Feast of the Holy Innocents is a commemoration in the church calendar honoring the victims of Herod's killing of the young boys of Bethlehem (Matthew 2:16-18). The Western church observes it on December 28.
Swaddling Clothes
[Bible]Swaddling clothes are the cloths or bands used to wrap a newborn infant. In the Bible they are best known from Luke 2, where Mary wraps the newborn Jesus in swaddling clothes and lays him in a manger.
Augustus
[People]Augustus (63 BC–AD 14) was the first emperor of the Roman Empire. He appears in Luke 2:1 as "Caesar Augustus," who issued the decree for the census, and he provides the historical backdrop for the account of Jesus' birth.
Captain of Fifty
[Bible]A captain of fifty is an Old Testament title for a person who governed or commanded a unit of fifty people. The title appears in passages such as Exodus 18 and 2 Kings 1.
Zechariah (Son of Jehoiada)
[People]Zechariah, son of the priest Jehoiada, lived during the reign of Joash, king of Judah. He rebuked the people for idolatry and, at the king's command, was stoned to death in the court of the temple (2 Chronicles 24).
Presentation of the Lord
[Feasts & Seasons]The Feast of the Presentation of the Lord is a feast of the church year that commemorates the presentation of the infant Jesus in the Temple in Jerusalem forty days after his birth. Western churches usually observe it on February 2.
Amittai
[People]Amittai was the father of the prophet Jonah. He is mentioned by name only twice in the Old Testament, in 2 Kings 14:25 and Jonah 1:1.
Ahio
[People]Ahio was a man of David's time who, together with Uzzah, drove the new cart carrying the Ark of the Covenant; 2 Samuel records him as a son of Abinadab.
Elnathan
[People]Elnathan was a man of Jerusalem in the final years of the kingdom of Judah and the father of Nehushta, the mother of King Jehoiachin (2 Kings 24:8). Many identify him with "Elnathan the son of Achbor," an official of King Jehoiakim mentioned in the Book of Jeremiah.
Palti
[People]Palti, the son of Laish, was the man to whom King Saul gave his daughter Michal, David's wife, in marriage. In 2 Samuel he is also called Paltiel.
Jerahmeel
[People]Jerahmeel was the firstborn son of Hezron of the tribe of Judah; his descendants are recorded at length in the genealogy of 1 Chronicles 2. The Jerahmeelites, regarded as his descendants, also appear in 1 Samuel.
Merodach
[Bible]Merodach is the Hebrew rendering of Marduk, the chief god of ancient Babylon. It appears in Jeremiah 50:2 in a prophecy of Babylon's fall and also forms part of the names of Babylonian kings.