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Liberal Theology
[Doctrine & Theology]Liberal theology is a movement in Protestant theology, emerging in the nineteenth century, that treats modern reason, scholarship, and individual religious experience as important criteria for understanding the faith. Among Korean Protestant churches, the term is used chiefly as a critical label by conservatives.
Acts of the Apostles
[Bible]The Acts of the Apostles is the fifth book of the New Testament. It records how, after the ascension of Jesus Christ and with the coming of the Holy Spirit, the church began in Jerusalem and spread as far as Rome.
Alcohol and Tobacco
[Controversies]The question of whether Christians may drink alcohol or smoke tobacco. Views differ on whether the Bible actually forbids them. In Korean Protestantism, abstinence from alcohol and tobacco has been treated as a mark of the Christian life since the early days of missionary work.
Contemplative Prayer
[Controversies]Contemplative prayer is a form of prayer that uses few words and rests silently in the presence of God. Some embrace it as a spiritual discipline, while others regard it as a departure from biblical prayer.
Robert Jermain Thomas
[People]Robert Jermain Thomas was a Welsh missionary of the London Missionary Society. In 1866 he sailed up the Taedong River as an interpreter aboard the American merchant ship General Sherman and was killed at Pyongyang. Korean Protestants commonly regard him as their first martyr.
David Yonggi Cho
[People]David Yonggi Cho (1936–2021) was a Pentecostal pastor. He founded Yoido Full Gospel Church, which began in 1958 as a tent church in Daejo-dong, Seoul, and built it into the largest church in the world.
Yi Gi-pung
[People]Yi Gi-pung (李基豊, 1865–1942) was a Korean Presbyterian minister. In 1907 he was one of the first seven Koreans ordained to the ministry, and as the first missionary sent out by the Independent Presbytery of the Korean Presbyterian Church, he founded churches on Jeju Island. He died from the aftereffects of torture he suffered for refusing Shinto shrine worship.
Isaiah
[Bible]Isaiah is the first of the prophetic books of the Old Testament and consists of sixty-six chapters. It contains prophecies of judgment, restoration, and the Messiah, and Christians have long read it as a book containing many passages that point to Jesus Christ.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
[Heresies & Cults]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is a religious organization founded by Joseph Smith in the United States in 1830 and commonly known as the Mormon Church. It accepts the Book of Mormon as scripture alongside the Bible. In South Korea, the Presbyterian Church of Korea (Tonghap), the Korean Methodist Church, the Presbyterian Church in Korea (Hapshin), and other denominations have declared it heretical.
Song of Songs
[Bible]The Song of Songs is a poetic book of the Old Testament, an eight-chapter poem celebrating the love and longing between a man and a woman. In Judaism and Christianity it has also long been read as a figure of the love between God and his people and between Christ and the Church.
Epistle to Philemon
[Bible]The Epistle to Philemon is the eighteenth book of the New Testament. In this short letter of one chapter and twenty-five verses, the apostle Paul, writing from prison, asks Philemon to receive his slave Onesimus as a brother.
John the Baptist
[People]John the Baptist was a Jewish prophet who came before Jesus Christ, calling people to repentance and baptizing in the Jordan River. The New Testament presents him as the one who prepared the way for the Messiah.
Divine Healing
[Doctrine & Theology]Divine healing is the healing of illness by the power of God, or the belief in and pursuit of such healing. It is counted as a core element of both the Fourfold Gospel of the Holiness churches and the Fivefold Gospel of the Full Gospel churches.
Korean Immigrant Church
[Denominations]A Korean immigrant church is a Protestant church in which Koreans living abroad gather to worship in Korean. In addition to serving as a community of faith, such churches have long been focal points of Korean immigrant communities.
Puritans
[History]The Puritans were Protestants active in England in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Regarding the reformation of the established church (the Church of England) as incomplete, they sought to "purify" its worship, church polity, and daily life more thoroughly in accordance with Scripture.
Huldrych Zwingli
[People]Huldrych Zwingli (1484–1531) was a reformer who led the Reformation in Zurich, Switzerland. He is regarded as the starting point of the Reformed tradition, including Presbyterianism, and is known for the "memorial view" of the Lord's Supper, which understands the sacrament as a rite commemorating the death of Christ.
Jonathan Edwards
[People]Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758) was a Congregationalist minister and theologian in colonial British North America. A leading figure of the Great Awakening of the 1740s, he gave a systematic account of revival and of Calvinist theology in works such as A Treatise Concerning Religious Affections.
John Knox
[People]John Knox (c. 1514–1572) was a Scottish reformer. Drawing on the theology of John Calvin, he led the Scottish Reformation and is regarded as having laid the foundations of the Presbyterian Church.
William Baird
[People]William Martyn Baird (1862–1931) was an American missionary of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. (Northern Presbyterian), known in Korea as Bae Wi-ryang. He took part in early mission work in the Busan and Daegu regions, and in 1897 he founded Soongsil Academy in Pyongyang. He is therefore known as the founder of Soongsil University and Soongsil Middle and High Schools.
Han Sang-dong
[People]Han Sang-dong (1901–1976) was a Presbyterian minister who led resistance to compulsory Shinto shrine worship during the Japanese colonial period in Korea. After liberation from Japanese rule, he founded Koryo Theological Seminary in Busan, and he is regarded as a leading figure of the Presbyterian Church in Korea (Kosin).