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Decapolis
[Bible]The Decapolis (Greek for "ten cities") was a region of Hellenistic cities located mainly east of the Jordan River. It appears three times in the Gospels as a place of Jesus' ministry.
Sermon on the Plain
[Bible]The Sermon on the Plain is the teaching recorded in Luke 6:17–49, which Jesus delivered to his disciples and the crowds after he chose the twelve disciples, came down from the mountain, and stood on a level place. Much of its content overlaps with the Sermon on the Mount in Matthew.
Milcom
[Bible]Milcom is a god of the Ammonites mentioned in the Old Testament. Scripture records that Solomon followed this idol in his later years and that King Josiah defiled its high place during his reforms.
Sharon
[Bible]Sharon is a coastal plain along the Mediterranean south of Mount Carmel. In the Old Testament it appears as pastureland and as a symbol of fertility and beauty, and it is best known from the phrase "the rose of Sharon" in Song of Solomon 2:1.
Dinah
[People]Dinah was the daughter of Jacob and Leah and the only daughter of Jacob named in the Bible. She is the central figure in the Shechem incident recorded in Genesis 34.
Vespasian
[People]Vespasian (AD 9–79) was the Roman emperor (reigned 69–79) who founded the Flavian dynasty. Before becoming emperor, he commanded the suppression of the Jewish revolt, and his son Titus destroyed Jerusalem and the Temple in AD 70.
Hokmah
[Bible]Hokmah is the Hebrew word for "wisdom." In the Old Testament it covers a wide range of meanings, from a craftsman's skill to the wisdom of a life lived in the fear of God. It is a central concept of the wisdom literature, including Proverbs, Job, and Ecclesiastes.
Textual Criticism
[Doctrine & Theology]Textual criticism is the discipline of comparing and examining biblical manuscripts, which differ slightly from one another, in order to recover the form closest to the text as originally written. It is foundational to Bible translation and exegesis.
Four Horsemen
[Bible]The Four Horsemen are the four figures, riding a white horse, a red horse, a black horse, and a pale horse, who appear in succession in Revelation 6 as the Lamb opens the first four of the seven seals.
Conditional Immortality
[Doctrine & Theology]Conditional immortality is the theological view that human beings are not inherently immortal and that God grants eternal life as a gift only to those who are in Christ.
Qumran Community
[History]The Qumran community was a Jewish sectarian group that lived at Qumran, northwest of the Dead Sea, from about the second century BC to the middle of the first century AD. Scholars commonly associate it with the Essenes. It is generally regarded as the community to which the Dead Sea Scrolls found in the surrounding caves belonged.
Branch (Messianic Title)
[Bible]"Branch" translates the Hebrew word tsemach, which the Old Testament prophets used as a title for a righteous ruler who would arise from the line of David. Christianity has read it as a messianic prophecy of Jesus Christ.
Sackcloth
[Bible]Sackcloth is a coarse fabric, or a garment made from it, that people in the Bible wrapped around their bodies or wore to express grief, repentance, and humility. It frequently appears together with putting ashes on the head and fasting.
Captain of Fifty
[Bible]A captain of fifty is an Old Testament title for a person who governed or commanded a unit of fifty people. The title appears in passages such as Exodus 18 and 2 Kings 1.
Historical Criticism
[Doctrine & Theology]Historical criticism is a method of biblical interpretation that uses the tools of history and philology to study when, by whom, and under what historical circumstances the biblical texts were formed.
Lysanias
[People]Lysanias is a figure named once in Scripture, in Luke 3:1, as tetrarch of Abilene. He appears in the chronological notice that dates the beginning of John the Baptist's ministry.
Abilene
[Bible]Abilene is a place name that appears once in Scripture, in Luke 3:1. It was a small territory in the Anti-Lebanon mountains northwest of Damascus. According to Luke, Lysanias was its tetrarch when John the Baptist began his ministry.
Orphans and Widows
[Bible]"Orphans and widows" is a biblical word pair for people whose livelihood and legal protection were weakened by the loss of a husband or father. Often grouped with the sojourner, they represent the socially vulnerable for whom God shows special care.
Fallen Angel
[Doctrine & Theology]A fallen angel is a spiritual being created by God as a good angel that rebelled against God and fell from its original place. Christian tradition generally identifies Satan and demons as fallen angels.
Philo of Alexandria
[People]Philo of Alexandria (c. 20 BC – c. AD 50) was a Jewish philosopher who interpreted the Pentateuch in light of Greek philosophy. Through his allegorical interpretation and his doctrine of the Logos, he influenced the biblical interpretation of the early Church Fathers.