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Hypostatic Union
[Doctrine & Theology]The hypostatic union is the Christological teaching that in the one person of Jesus Christ true divinity and true humanity are joined in a single hypostasis (person), without being mixed or divided.
Garden Tomb
[History]The Garden Tomb is a rock-cut tomb and garden north of the Damascus Gate in the Old City of Jerusalem. It became known in the nineteenth century when some Protestants proposed it as the tomb of Jesus, and today it is a favored place of reflection for Protestant pilgrims.
Satisfaction Theory
[Doctrine & Theology]The satisfaction theory is a theory of the atonement that explains the death of Christ as rendering the "satisfaction" (reparation) rightly owed for the glory (honor) of God that has been injured by sin. It was systematized by Anselm of Canterbury in the late eleventh century.
Moral Influence Theory
[Doctrine & Theology]The moral influence theory is a theory of the atonement holding that the heart of the atonement lies in Christ's death on the cross revealing God's love, which moves human hearts and leads people to repentance and love.
Valley of Rephaim
[Bible]The Valley of Rephaim was a valley southwest of Jerusalem that formed part of the boundary between the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. It is known as the place where David twice defeated the Philistine army encamped there.
Valley of Hamon-gog
[Bible]The Valley of Hamon-gog is a place name in Ezekiel 39. It is the name to be given to the burial ground where Gog and his multitude will be buried after they come against Israel and are destroyed. The name means "the valley of the multitude of Gog."
Passion Predictions
[Bible]The passion predictions are the occasions on which Jesus told his disciples in advance that he would suffer and be put to death in Jerusalem and would rise again after three days (on the third day). They are recorded three times in the Synoptic Gospels.
Moneychangers
[Bible]The moneychangers were people who, in the time of Jesus, exchanged pilgrims' money within the Temple in Jerusalem for the currency used to pay the Temple tax and to buy sacrificial animals. They appear in the account of Jesus' cleansing of the Temple.
King's Highway
[Bible]The King's Highway was an ancient trade route running north and south across the plateau east of the Jordan River. In the Book of Numbers, it is the road Moses named when he asked Edom and Sihon king of the Amorites for permission to pass through, promising to travel only along that way.
Madaba Map
[History]The Madaba Map is a sixth-century Byzantine mosaic map preserved in the floor of the Church of Saint George in Madaba, Jordan. It is known as the oldest surviving original map of the Holy Land.
Synagogue of Satan
[Bible]The "synagogue of Satan" is an expression found in Revelation 2:9 and 3:9. It refers to the gathering of those who "say they are Jews" and who slandered and harassed the churches in Smyrna and Philadelphia.
Medieval Church
[History]The medieval church refers to the Western European church, centered on the pope in Rome, from about the fifth century to about the fifteenth century. Papal power grew and then declined during this period, which formed the background to the sixteenth-century Reformation.
Apostolic Age
[History]The Apostolic Age is the period of first-century Christianity during which the apostles led the church after the ascension of Jesus Christ. It is usually dated from the early AD 30s to around AD 100, when John, traditionally regarded as the last surviving apostle, died.
Western Schism
[History]The Western Schism was a division in the Western (Latin) Church from 1378 to 1417, during which two, and later three, rival claimants to the papacy held office at the same time. It ended when the Council of Constance elected Martin V as the new pope.
Avignon Papacy
[History]The Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1377 during which the popes and the papal Curia left Rome and resided in Avignon, a city in what is now southern France. Seven popes resided in Avignon during this period. It is also known as the Avignon Captivity.
Radical Reformation
[History]The Radical Reformation is a collective term for the various movements of the sixteenth-century Reformation that called for a more thoroughgoing reform than the mainstream reforms of Luther, Zwingli, and Calvin. It includes the Anabaptists, the Spiritualists, and the anti-Trinitarian Rationalists.
Diet of Speyer
[History]The Diet of Speyer was an imperial diet of the Holy Roman Empire held in Speyer, Germany, during the Reformation. The name "Protestant" originated in the Protestation lodged by Lutheran princes and cities at the diet of 1529.
Puritan Revolution
[History]The Puritan Revolution refers to the civil wars fought in England from 1642 to 1651 between the Royalist supporters of Charles I and the Parliamentarians, whose core was made up of Puritans, together with the political upheaval that followed. The king was executed, a republic was established, and the Westminster Confession of Faith was produced during this period.
Cambridge Seven
[History]The Cambridge Seven were seven young British men who went to China in 1885 as missionaries with the China Inland Mission, founded by Hudson Taylor. Six came from the University of Cambridge and one from the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich.
Social Gospel
[History]The Social Gospel was a movement within American Protestantism from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth century. It sought to apply the ethics of Jesus and his teaching on the Kingdom of God to social structures, addressing problems such as the poverty and labor conditions produced by industrialization. It is also known as the Social Gospel movement.