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Plymouth Brethren
[Denominations]The Plymouth Brethren are a Protestant denomination rooted in the Brethren movement that began in Dublin, Ireland, in the 1820s. They have no clerical order separating pastors from laity and no denominational organization. Instead, their church life centers on local assemblies led by elders.
Hereditary Pastoral Succession
[Controversies]Hereditary pastoral succession is the practice of passing a senior pastor's position to the pastor's child or son-in-law. It is also called hereditary pastorate or passing down the pastorate. In Korea, denominations such as the Korean Methodist Church and the Presbyterian Church of Korea (Tonghap) have prohibited it by church law, and debate over the practice continues.
Ancestral Rites and Memorial Services
[Controversies]The question of whether ancestral rites should be forbidden as idolatry or regarded as a cultural expression of filial piety. Korean Protestant churches have prohibited ancestral rites and have instead held memorial services.
Assurance of Salvation
[Controversies]A discussion of whether a person who has once been saved can lose salvation, and of the grounds on which a person may be assured of being saved.
105-Man Incident
[History]The 105-Man Incident was a 1911 case in which the Japanese Government-General of Korea fabricated a plot to assassinate Governor-General Terauchi and arrested hundreds of members of the New People's Association (Sinminhoe) and Christians from Korea's northwestern provinces. Its name comes from the 105 defendants convicted at the first trial.
History of Protestantism in Korea
[History]The history of Protestantism in Korea extends from the arrival of American missionaries in 1884–1885 to the present day. It encompasses the arrival of missionaries, revival movements and church organization, persecution and the Shinto shrine worship controversy under Japanese rule, and denominational divisions and growth after liberation.
Communion of Churches in Korea
[Institutions]The Communion of Churches in Korea (CCIK; Korean abbreviation Hangyoyeon) is a Protestant interdenominational body founded in 2012 amid internal conflict within the Christian Council of Korea (CCK). Its founding members included the Tonghap, Gaehyeok, Daeshin, and Baekseok branches of the Presbyterian Church in Korea.
Church Growth in Korea
[History]The rapid increase in the number of Protestant church members and churches in South Korea during the industrialization and urbanization of the 1960s through the 1980s. The term also covers the slowdown and stagnation of that growth from the 1990s onward.
United Christian Churches of Korea
[Institutions]The United Christian Churches of Korea (UCCK; Korean abbreviation Hangyochong) is an ecumenical body of Protestant denominations in South Korea, launched in 2017 on the foundation of the Council of Korean Church Denominational Heads. Its members are denominations rather than individual congregations, and they include major Presbyterian, Methodist, and Pentecostal denominations, among others.
Church of Almighty God
[Heresies & Cults]The Church of Almighty God (全能神教會) is a religious group that originated in China in the early 1990s. It is also known as "Eastern Lightning" or Quannengshen ("Almighty God sect"). The group believes that a Chinese woman is the returned Christ, and several Korean denominations have formally declared it heretical.
Book of Ruth
[Bible]The Book of Ruth is the eighth book of the Old Testament. It tells the story of Ruth, a Moabite woman who follows her mother-in-law Naomi to Bethlehem, marries Boaz, and becomes the great-grandmother of David.
Second Epistle of John
[Bible]The Second Epistle of John is the twenty-fourth book of the New Testament, a brief letter of thirteen verses from an author who calls himself "the elder" to "the elect lady and her children." It sets forth the commandment to love one another and warns against false teachers.
Gospel of Matthew
[Bible]The Gospel of Matthew is the first book of the New Testament and one of the four Gospels, recording the life of Jesus Christ from His birth to His resurrection. It places particular emphasis on the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy and on the teachings of Jesus.
Second Epistle to Timothy
[Bible]The Second Epistle to Timothy is a book of the New Testament, traditionally understood as a letter written by the apostle Paul from prison to his disciple Timothy. Together with First Timothy and Titus, it is known as one of the Pastoral Epistles.
Gospel of Mark
[Bible]The Gospel of Mark is the second book of the New Testament and the shortest of the four Gospels, recording the public ministry, crucifixion, and resurrection of Jesus Christ in a swift and concise narrative.
Canons of Dort
[Doctrine & Theology]The Canons of Dort are a Reformed confessional document adopted by the Synod of Dort in the Netherlands in 1618–1619 in response to the teachings of the Arminians (Remonstrants). They address five doctrines concerning salvation by grace and predestination.
Cross (Christian Symbol)
[Worship & Rites]The cross is the principal emblem of Christianity, representing the death of Jesus Christ on the cross and His resurrection. It is widely used on church buildings and pulpits and in jewelry.
Ascension
[Doctrine & Theology]The Ascension is the event in which the risen Jesus Christ, after appearing to his disciples for forty days following his resurrection, was taken up into heaven, as well as the doctrine concerning that event. It is confessed in the Apostles' Creed and commemorated in the liturgical calendar on Ascension Day.
Cross
[Doctrine & Theology]The cross was an instrument of execution in ancient Rome. In Christianity it refers to the death of Jesus Christ, who was nailed to a cross, and to the confession that his death was an atonement in which he bore sin in the place of others. It is the foremost symbol of the Christian faith.
Moderator of Presbytery
[Church Offices]The moderator of presbytery is the officer who represents a presbytery and presides over its meetings. In Presbyterian churches, a presbytery is the governing body made up of the churches of a given region and their representative ministers and elders. The moderator is elected at a stated meeting and usually serves a one-year term.