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Zenas
[People]Zenas was a first-century Christian named only once in the New Testament, in Titus 3:13, where he is called "the lawyer." Paul asked Titus to help Zenas and Apollos on their journey.
Targum
[Bible]A Targum is one of the ancient Jewish translations and paraphrases of the Hebrew Old Testament into Aramaic. The Targums are generally understood to have originated as oral explanations given when Scripture was read aloud in the synagogue.
Shammai
[People]Shammai was a Jewish teacher of the law active from the late first century BC to the early first century AD. Together with his contemporary Hillel, he is regarded as a leading representative of Pharisaic legal interpretation, and he founded the "School of Shammai," known for its strict interpretation of the law.
Sceva
[People]Sceva was a Jewish priest (or high priest) mentioned in Acts 19. He is known for an incident in Ephesus in which his seven sons tried, and failed, to cast out evil spirits by invoking the name of Jesus whom Paul preached.
Ethan
[People]Ethan is the name of several Israelites in the Old Testament. It refers to "Ethan the Ezrahite," the wise man to whom Solomon is compared in 1 Kings; to the figure named as author in the superscription of Psalm 89; and to Ethan the Levite musician of 1 Chronicles.
Ophrah
[Bible]Ophrah is an Old Testament place name borne by two towns: the hometown of the judge Gideon and a town of the tribe of Benjamin. First Chronicles also mentions a man by this name.
Flesh
[Bible]In the Bible, "flesh" refers to the human flesh and body and, more broadly, to finite and frail human existence. In the Pauline epistles it can also denote the human inclination toward sin that stands opposed to the Holy Spirit.
Jeduthun
[People]Jeduthun was a Levite musician in the time of David who was responsible for praise in temple worship. With Asaph and Heman, he was one of three leaders who directed the singing and instrumental music.
Barzillai
[People]Barzillai was a Gileadite from Rogelim in the time of David. During Absalom's rebellion, he supplied food and other provisions to David and his company, who had fled to Mahanaim. When David invited him to come to Jerusalem, he declined, citing his advanced age.
Adriel
[People]Adriel was an Israelite of the time of King Saul, the son of Barzillai the Meholathite. He married Merab, Saul's elder daughter, who had been promised to David.
Valentinus
[People]Valentinus (c. 100 – c. 160) was a second-century Christian teacher active in Rome, known as the founder of the Valentinians, one of the largest movements within early Christian Gnosticism.
Jehu son of Hanani
[People]Jehu son of Hanani was a prophet during the period of the divided kingdom. He pronounced judgment on Baasha, king of northern Israel, and rebuked Jehoshaphat, king of Judah. He is distinct from Jehu, the king of northern Israel who bore the same name.
Ahithophel
[People]Ahithophel the Gilonite was a counselor to King David, an official who devised plans and gave advice to the king. He joined Absalom's rebellion, and when his counsel was not followed, he took his own life in his hometown.
Elon
[People]Elon was a judge of Israel from the tribe of Zebulun, mentioned in Judges 12. He succeeded Ibzan, judged Israel for ten years, and was buried at Aijalon in the land of Zebulun.
Joanna
[People]Joanna is a woman mentioned in the Gospel of Luke, the wife of Chuza, Herod's steward. She ministered to Jesus and his disciples out of her own means and was one of the women who brought news of the empty tomb to the apostles on the morning of the resurrection.
Lysanias
[People]Lysanias is a figure named once in Scripture, in Luke 3:1, as tetrarch of Abilene. He appears in the chronological notice that dates the beginning of John the Baptist's ministry.
Micah (Ephraimite)
[People]Micah was a man from the hill country of Ephraim who appears in Judges 17–18. He kept a graven image and a shrine in his house and hired a Levite as his priest, but the migrating tribe of Dan took both the image and the priest from him.
Malachi (Prophet)
[People]Malachi is the prophet whose name is attached to Malachi, the last book of the Old Testament. His name appears only once in the Bible, in Malachi 1:1, and nothing is known about his life.
Jair
[People]Jair was a Gileadite who appears in Judges 10:3–5 and judged Israel for twenty-two years. Several other people in the Bible bear the same name.
Tertius
[People]Tertius was the amanuensis who wrote down the apostle Paul's Epistle to the Romans. He was a first-century Christian who added his own greeting in Romans 16:22.