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Masoretic Text
[Bible]The Masoretic Text is the standard text of the Hebrew Old Testament, transmitted by medieval Jewish scholars (the Masoretes) who added vowel points and annotations. Most Old Testament translations today use it as their base text.
Prophetic Books
[Bible]The Prophetic Books are the books of the Old Testament that bear the names of prophets. In Protestant usage the term refers to the seventeen books from Isaiah through Malachi, which are divided by length into five Major Prophets and twelve Minor Prophets.
Sinai Covenant
[Bible]The Sinai Covenant is the covenant God made at Mount Sinai with the people of Israel after the Exodus, with Moses serving as mediator. Centered on the Ten Commandments and the law, it established Israel as "a kingdom of priests."
Davidic Covenant
[Bible]The Davidic covenant is God's promise, delivered to David through the prophet Nathan, to establish his house (dynasty) and throne forever. It forms an important foundation for Old Testament messianic expectation and for the New Testament understanding of Jesus.
Suffering Servant
[Bible]The Suffering Servant is the "servant of the Lord" in the "Servant Songs" of Isaiah, who suffers and bears the transgressions of others. The New Testament reads this servant in connection with Jesus Christ.
Apostle
[Church Offices]An apostle, meaning "one who is sent," is one of those whom Jesus Christ personally appointed to proclaim the gospel and lay the foundation of the early church.
Pseudepigrapha
[Bible]"Pseudepigrapha" is the term Protestants use for Jewish and early Christian writings, composed for the most part around the intertestamental period, that were attributed to ancient figures such as Enoch and Moses. Most churches do not accept these books as canonical.
Baal-peor Incident
[Bible]The Baal-peor incident occurred near the end of the wilderness period, when Israel, encamped at Shittim on the plains of Moab, committed sexual immorality with Moabite and Midianite women and worshiped Baal-peor, bringing a great plague upon the people. It is recorded in Numbers 25.
Prison Epistles
[Bible]The Prison Epistles is the collective name for Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, and Philemon, the four letters in which the apostle Paul indicates that he is writing while in confinement.
Stations of the Cross
[Christian Life]The Stations of the Cross is a devotional practice in which Jesus Christ's journey, from carrying the cross to Golgotha through his death and burial, is divided into a series of scenes that are meditated upon and prayed through in order. In a broader sense, the term refers to the disciple's life of suffering and obedience.
Covenant of Works
[Doctrine & Theology]The covenant of works is the covenant that God is held to have made with Adam before the Fall, promising life on the condition of perfect obedience and threatening death for disobedience. It is a central concept in Reformed covenant theology.
Virgin Birth
[Doctrine & Theology]The virgin birth is the Christian doctrine that Jesus Christ was conceived by the Holy Spirit, without the involvement of a man, and was born of the Virgin Mary. It is confessed in the Apostles' Creed and the Nicene Creed.
Soul Sleep
[Doctrine & Theology]Soul sleep is the view that after death the soul remains asleep, without consciousness, until the resurrection. It arises from the question of how to understand the "intermediate state" between death and resurrection.
Typology
[Doctrine & Theology]Typology is a method of biblical interpretation holding that persons, events, and institutions of the Old Testament foreshadow the work of Christ and of salvation to be fulfilled in the New Testament. In Korean Protestant churches it is also known as yepyoron.
Parents' Sunday
[Feasts & Seasons]Parents' Sunday is an observance of Korean Protestant churches, held on a Sunday near Korea's Parents' Day (May 8), to remember with gratitude the grace shown by parents and to reflect on the biblical teaching of honoring one's father and mother.
Deuterocanonical Books
[Bible]The deuterocanonical books are books such as Tobit, Judith, and Maccabees that the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church include in the Old Testament but that are absent from the Hebrew Bible and the Protestant Old Testament. Protestants commonly call them the Apocrypha.
Great Tribulation
[Doctrine & Theology]The Great Tribulation is an eschatological term for a period of intense suffering said to occur immediately before the Second Coming of Jesus Christ. Interpretations of its duration and nature, and of whether the church will pass through it, vary among theological positions.
Minjung Theology
[Doctrine & Theology]Minjung theology is a theology that took shape in South Korea in the 1970s. It regards the oppressed and marginalized minjung ("the people") as the subjects of history and the starting point of theology.
Monothelitism
[Doctrine & Theology]Monothelitism was a seventh-century Christological position holding that Jesus Christ, though possessing two natures, divine and human, has only one will. It was rejected by the Third Council of Constantinople in 680–681.
Biblical Manuscripts
[Bible]Biblical manuscripts are handwritten copies of the Bible transmitted before the advent of printing. No original autographs survive, and modern Bible translations are based on texts established by comparing many manuscripts.