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Kim Chi-sun
[People]Kim Chi-sun (1899–1968) was a Korean Presbyterian minister and Old Testament scholar. Shortly after Korea's liberation in 1945, as senior pastor of Namdaemun Church in Seoul, he led the Three Million Revival Movement. He also founded Daehan Theological Seminary (now Anyang University). He is known as "the Jeremiah of Korea."
Kim Yang-seon
[People]Kim Yang-seon (金良善, 1907–1970) was a Korean Presbyterian minister, church historian, and archaeologist. He was a professor at Soongsil University and the founder of the Korean Christian Museum at Soongsil University.
Peter Yi Seung-hun
[People]Yi Seung-hun (李承薰, 1756–1801) was a Korean Catholic of the late Joseon period whose baptismal name was Peter. Baptized in Beijing in 1784, he became the first Korean to receive baptism and is counted among the founders of the Catholic Church in Korea.
William D. Reynolds
[People]William Davis Reynolds (1867–1951), known in Korea as Yi Nul-seo, was an American missionary sent by the Presbyterian Church in the United States (Southern Presbyterian Church). He took part in translating the Bible into Korean for forty-three years and taught systematic theology at Pyongyang Presbyterian Theological Seminary.
James Scarth Gale
[People]James Scarth Gale (1863–1937) was a Canadian Presbyterian missionary to Korea, known in Korea as Gi Il (奇一). He served as the first senior pastor of Yeondong Church in Seoul, produced the first Korean translation of The Pilgrim's Progress, and took part in compiling A Korean-English Dictionary and in translating the Bible into Korean.
Elisabeth Johanna Shepping
[People]Elisabeth Johanna Shepping (1880–1934), known in Korea as Seo Seo-pyeong (徐舒平), was a German-born American nurse missionary of the Southern Presbyterian Church (Presbyterian Church in the United States). She arrived in Korea in 1912 and carried out medical work, women's education, and relief for the poor, primarily in Gwangju.
English Reformation
[History]The English Reformation was a series of sixteenth-century reforms, spanning the reigns of Henry VIII through Elizabeth I, by which the church in England broke away from the authority of the pope in Rome and was established as a national church with the monarch at its head.
Scholasticism
[History]Scholasticism was a method of learning that developed in the schools and universities of Western Europe from around the eleventh century to the end of the Middle Ages. While accepting the authority of Scripture and the Church Fathers, it sought to explain the content of the faith systematically through logical questioning and disputation.
Nonconformists
[History]Nonconformists, also called Dissenters, were Protestants who, from the seventeenth century onward, did not conform to the worship and institutions of the established Church of England (the Anglican Church) and practiced their faith outside it. They emerged as a distinct body after the mass expulsion of ministers under the Act of Uniformity of 1662.
Calvin's Geneva
[History]Calvin's Geneva refers to the period of the Reformation in Geneva from 1536 to 1564, during which John Calvin was active in the city. During these years Geneva established a new church order, church discipline, and system of education, and it became a center of Reformed Protestantism.
German Peasants' War
[History]The German Peasants' War was a large-scale uprising from 1524 to 1525 in the German-speaking regions of the Holy Roman Empire, in which peasants and the urban poor rose up against the burdens imposed by their lords and the church. Although it was closely bound up with the ideas of the Reformation, it was suppressed by the allied armies of the princes.
Holiness Movement
[History]The Holiness movement was a religious movement that arose within nineteenth-century American Methodism. Reviving John Wesley's doctrine of "Christian perfection," it taught that believers can attain entire holiness by faith. It became a root of the Holiness churches, the Church of the Nazarene, and the Pentecostal movement.
Galileo Affair
[History]The Galileo affair was the episode in which the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei, after defending heliocentrism, was convicted by the Inquisition of the Roman Catholic Church in 1633. It is frequently cited in discussions of the relationship between science and faith.
Hussites
[History]The Hussites were the followers of Jan Hus, the Bohemian reformer burned at the stake in 1415, and the movement they formed. In fifteenth-century Bohemia they opposed the Roman Church, demanding freedom of preaching and a Communion in which the laity receive both the bread and the cup.
Cathars
[History]The Cathars were a dualist Christian sect that spread through southern France and northern Italy in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. They are also called Albigensians, after the southern French city of Albi. The Catholic Church condemned them as heretics and suppressed them through a crusade and the Inquisition.
Byeongin Persecution
[History]The Byeongin Persecution was the mass arrest and execution of Catholics and French missionaries by the Joseon court that began in 1866, while the Heungseon Daewongun held power. It is regarded as the largest persecution in the history of the Catholic Church in Korea.
Lollards
[History]The Lollards were a religious movement in late fourteenth-century England, or the adherents of that movement, who followed the teachings of John Wycliffe in upholding the authority of Scripture and calling for the reform of the church. Protestants commonly regard them as forerunners of the Reformation.
Soongsil School
[History]Soongsil School was a Christian school founded in Pyongyang in 1897 by William Baird, a missionary of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. (Northern Presbyterian). In 1938 it closed voluntarily rather than submit to Shinto shrine worship. After Korea's liberation and division, it was reestablished in Seoul, and its legacy continues in Soongsil Middle and High Schools and Soongsil University.
Ewha Haktang
[History]Ewha Haktang was the first modern educational institution for women in Korea. Mary F. Scranton, a missionary of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States, founded it in 1886 in Jeongdong, Seoul. It is the predecessor of present-day Ewha Womans University and Ewha Girls' High School.
Paichai Haktang
[History]Paichai Haktang was a private secondary school founded in 1885 in Jeong-dong, Seoul, by Henry Appenzeller, a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States. It is regarded as Korea's first modern private school, and its successors are today's Paichai Middle School and Paichai High School.