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Virgin Birth
[Doctrine & Theology]The virgin birth is the Christian doctrine that Jesus Christ was conceived by the Holy Spirit, without the involvement of a man, and was born of the Virgin Mary. It is confessed in the Apostles' Creed and the Nicene Creed.
Soul Sleep
[Doctrine & Theology]Soul sleep is the view that after death the soul remains asleep, without consciousness, until the resurrection. It arises from the question of how to understand the "intermediate state" between death and resurrection.
Typology
[Doctrine & Theology]Typology is a method of biblical interpretation holding that persons, events, and institutions of the Old Testament foreshadow the work of Christ and of salvation to be fulfilled in the New Testament. In Korean Protestant churches it is also known as yepyoron.
Parents' Sunday
[Feasts & Seasons]Parents' Sunday is an observance of Korean Protestant churches, held on a Sunday near Korea's Parents' Day (May 8), to remember with gratitude the grace shown by parents and to reflect on the biblical teaching of honoring one's father and mother.
Deuterocanonical Books
[Bible]The deuterocanonical books are books such as Tobit, Judith, and Maccabees that the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church include in the Old Testament but that are absent from the Hebrew Bible and the Protestant Old Testament. Protestants commonly call them the Apocrypha.
Great Tribulation
[Doctrine & Theology]The Great Tribulation is an eschatological term for a period of intense suffering said to occur immediately before the Second Coming of Jesus Christ. Interpretations of its duration and nature, and of whether the church will pass through it, vary among theological positions.
Minjung Theology
[Doctrine & Theology]Minjung theology is a theology that took shape in South Korea in the 1970s. It regards the oppressed and marginalized minjung ("the people") as the subjects of history and the starting point of theology.
Monothelitism
[Doctrine & Theology]Monothelitism was a seventh-century Christological position holding that Jesus Christ, though possessing two natures, divine and human, has only one will. It was rejected by the Third Council of Constantinople in 680–681.
Biblical Manuscripts
[Bible]Biblical manuscripts are handwritten copies of the Bible transmitted before the advent of printing. No original autographs survive, and modern Bible translations are based on texts established by comparing many manuscripts.
Song of Moses
[Bible]The Song of Moses refers to two Old Testament poems attributed to Moses: the hymn of deliverance sung after the crossing of the Red Sea (Exodus 15) and the song bearing witness to the covenant that he delivered before his death (Deuteronomy 32).
Resurrection Appearances
[Doctrine & Theology]The resurrection appearances are the occasions on which Jesus Christ, having died on the cross and risen again, showed himself to his disciples and others before his ascension.
Type (Biblical Typology)
[Doctrine & Theology]A type is a concept in biblical interpretation holding that Old Testament persons, events, and institutions prefigure Jesus Christ, who was to come, and his work of salvation.
Heavenly Rewards
[Doctrine & Theology]Heavenly rewards are the rewards that God is understood to give believers for their faithful lives and service. The term refers chiefly to the recompense received at the Last Judgment or in heaven.
Excommunication
[Organization & Polity]Excommunication is the most severe stage of church discipline, in which the church removes an unrepentant member who has sinned from the church community and revokes that person's membership.
Maundy Thursday
[Feasts & Seasons]Maundy Thursday is the Thursday immediately before Easter. A Holy Week observance, it commemorates the Last Supper that Jesus shared with his disciples, at which he instituted the Lord's Supper and washed the disciples' feet.
Messianic Secret
[Doctrine & Theology]The Messianic Secret is a term in New Testament studies for the scenes in the Gospel of Mark in which Jesus repeatedly commands others not to reveal that he is the Messiah. The German theologian William Wrede named the motif in the early twentieth century, and it has since become a major theme in Gospel research.
Sermon on the Plain
[Bible]The Sermon on the Plain is the teaching recorded in Luke 6:17–49, which Jesus delivered to his disciples and the crowds after he chose the twelve disciples, came down from the mountain, and stood on a level place. Much of its content overlaps with the Sermon on the Mount in Matthew.
Two Witnesses
[Bible]The Two Witnesses are two prophetic figures in Revelation 11 who prophesy for 1,260 days, are killed by the beast, and then come back to life and ascend to heaven. Interpreters differ over who they are.
Hardness of Heart
[Doctrine & Theology]Hardness of heart is a biblical expression for a state in which the heart has become hardened and obstinate against the word and will of God. It appears most prominently in the account of Pharaoh in the Book of Exodus.
Table of Nations
[Bible]The Table of Nations is the list of the descendants of Noah's three sons, Shem, Ham, and Japheth, recorded in Genesis 10. Arranged in genealogical form, the passage describes how the various peoples spread across the earth after the Flood.