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Monophysitism
[Doctrine & Theology]Monophysitism is the Christological position that in the incarnate Jesus Christ the divine and human natures are united into a single nature. The Council of Chalcedon rejected it in 451 and confessed "two natures, one person" as orthodox teaching.
Apostolic Succession
[Doctrine & Theology]Apostolic succession is the teaching that the authority and offices of the Church have been handed down without interruption from the apostles of Jesus Christ. Denominations differ on whether this succession is primarily a succession of office or a succession of teaching.
Preterism
[Doctrine & Theology]Preterism is an interpretive approach holding that most of the prophecies of Revelation and of Jesus' end-time discourse were already fulfilled in the first century, particularly around the destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70.
Liberation Theology
[Doctrine & Theology]Liberation theology is a theological movement that arose in the Latin American Catholic Church in the late 1960s. It reads the Bible from the standpoint of the poor and oppressed and understands salvation as encompassing social and political liberation.
Martyrdom
[Christian Life]Martyrdom is being put to death for keeping the faith or for refusing to renounce it. A person who dies in this way is called a martyr, and from its earliest days the church has remembered martyrs as examples of faith.
Biblical Hermeneutics
[Doctrine & Theology]Biblical hermeneutics is the field of theology concerned with the principles and methods by which the meaning of the biblical text is determined and applied to faith and life today.
Coptic Orthodox Church
[Denominations]The Coptic Orthodox Church is a church of the Oriental Orthodox family centered in Egypt. It regards Mark the Evangelist as its founder and is known for not accepting the decisions of the Council of Chalcedon in 451.
Redemptive-Historical Preaching
[Doctrine & Theology]Redemptive-historical preaching is a method of preaching that reads and proclaims biblical texts within the history of redemption, that is, the history of God's work of saving humanity through Christ.
New Testament Apocrypha
[Bible]The New Testament Apocrypha is a collective term for early Christian writings that tell stories about Jesus and the apostles or bear an apostle's name but were not included among the twenty-seven books of the New Testament canon.
Allegorical Interpretation
[Doctrine & Theology]Allegorical interpretation is a method of reading Scripture that assumes a hidden spiritual and symbolic meaning lies beyond the literal and historical sense of the text, and it matches the text's persons, objects, and events one by one to other realities.
Healing of the Blind Man at Bethsaida
[Bible]The healing of the blind man at Bethsaida is a miracle in which Jesus spat on the eyes of a blind man at Bethsaida and laid his hands on him twice, restoring his sight in stages. Of the four Gospels, it appears only in Mark 8:22–26.
Redaction Criticism
[Doctrine & Theology]Redaction criticism is a method of biblical interpretation that examines how the Gospel writers selected, arranged, and modified material already handed down to them, in order to identify each writer's theological intentions and emphases.
Lectionary
[Worship & Rites]A lectionary is a list of Scripture passages appointed in advance to be read on each Sunday and feast day according to the church year. It typically groups together readings from the Old Testament, the Psalms, the Epistles, and the Gospels.
Merit
[Doctrine & Theology]Merit is a theological term for an act that serves as the ground for receiving a reward or salvation from God, or for the value of such an act. Because it bears directly on the place of human works in salvation, it is one of the principal issues that divided Catholicism and Protestantism.
Exorcism
[Christian Life]Exorcism is the casting out, in the name of Jesus Christ and through prayer, of demons believed to enter people and do them harm. The Gospels record Jesus casting out demons, and the practice has continued in various forms in Catholic rites and in Pentecostal and charismatic deliverance ministry.
Parable of the Barren Fig Tree
[Bible]The Parable of the Barren Fig Tree is a parable of Jesus found in Luke 13:6–9. In it, the owner of a vineyard wants to cut down a fig tree that has borne no fruit for three years, but the vinedresser asks him to leave it one more year. The parable calls for repentance and illustrates the patience of God.
Ceremonial Law
[Doctrine & Theology]Ceremonial law is a theological term for the part of the Mosaic law that governed Israel's worship and religious rites, including the regulations concerning sacrifices, feasts, circumcision, food, and purity.
Q Source
[Bible]The Q source is a hypothetical collection of the sayings of Jesus that scholars posit as the source of material found in both Matthew and Luke but absent from Mark. No manuscript copy of it survives.
Perpetual Virginity of Mary
[Doctrine & Theology]The perpetual virginity of Mary is the teaching that Mary, the mother of Jesus, remained a virgin throughout her life, not only before but also after giving birth to Jesus. The Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church profess it as doctrine, while Protestants generally do not accept it.
Deacon
[Church Offices]A deacon is a member of the clergy ranking below the priest in churches, such as the Catholic and Anglican churches, that divide holy orders into the three ranks of bishop, priest, and deacon. The term comes from the same Greek word that Korean Protestant churches use for the distinct office known as jipsa.