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History of Korean Hymnals
[History]Korean Protestant hymnody began with the Methodist hymnal Chanmiga in 1892. Through successive unions and divisions among the denominations, it developed into the Unified Hymnal of 1983 and the 21st Century Hymnal (also called the New Hymnal) of 2006. This article traces that development.
Hymn
[Worship & Rites]A hymn is a song sung by a congregation to praise God and confess the faith; the term also refers to a book collecting such songs. In Korean Protestant churches, the term commonly refers to the common hymnal shared by many denominations.
105-Man Incident
[History]The 105-Man Incident was a 1911 case in which the Japanese Government-General of Korea fabricated a plot to assassinate Governor-General Terauchi and arrested hundreds of members of the New People's Association (Sinminhoe) and Christians from Korea's northwestern provinces. Its name comes from the 105 defendants convicted at the first trial.
Total Mobilization Sunday
[Worship & Rites]Total Mobilization Sunday is a Sunday on which the entire congregation joins in inviting unchurched neighbors to worship. Also called Evangelism Sunday or the New Life Festival, it is one of the best-known evangelistic events in Korean Protestant churches.
Church Plant
[Organization & Polity]A church plant is a newly established church, founded in an area with no church or too few churches or directed toward a new group of people; the term also refers to the process of establishing such a church. In Korean Protestant usage, it commonly denotes a church in its early years with a small congregation and a limited financial base.
Isaiah 43:16–21
[Bible Verses]A passage in the Book of Isaiah that promises Israel in Babylonian exile a "new thing" greater than the Exodus, in which God parted the Red Sea: a way in the wilderness and rivers in the desert. In Korean Protestant churches, it is widely cited as a text for New Year sermons and for annual church mottos.
Suh Byung-ho
[People]Suh Byung-ho (徐丙浩, 1885–1972) was a Korean Presbyterian elder, independence activist, and educator from Sorae in Jangyeon, Hwanghae Province. He is known as the first person in Korean Protestantism to receive infant baptism, and in Shanghai he took part in the New Korea Youth Party and the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea.
Bishop
[Church Offices]A bishop is an officeholder who oversees and leads multiple churches and ministers. The term derives from the New Testament Greek episkopos ("one who watches over"). In Korea, the Protestant term for bishop refers mainly to leaders of Methodist denominations, while the Anglican and Catholic churches use a different Korean term for the same office.
Reading Through the Bible
[Christian Life]Reading through the Bible is the practice of reading the entire Bible in order, from beginning to end, according to a set plan. In Korean Protestant churches it is widely practiced through New Year reading schedules for completing the Bible in one year, intensive Bible-reading gatherings, and audio and app-based reading.
Park Yune-sun
[People]Park Yune-sun (1905–1988), whose pen name was Jeongam (正岩), was a Presbyterian minister and theologian. He was the first Korean to complete and publish a commentary on the entire Old and New Testaments, and he taught Reformed theology at Koryo Theological Seminary, Chongshin, and Hapdong Theological Seminary.
Chŏn Tŏk-ki
[People]Chŏn Tŏk-ki (1875–1914) was a Methodist minister who led Sangdong Church in Seoul during the Korean Empire period. He was also a nationalist activist who, through the Sangdong Youth Society and the Sangdong Youth Academy, took part in the movement against the Eulsa Treaty, the dispatch of secret envoys to The Hague, and the founding of the New People's Association (Sinminhoe).
Typology
[Doctrine & Theology]Typology is a method of biblical interpretation holding that persons, events, and institutions of the Old Testament foreshadow the work of Christ and of salvation to be fulfilled in the New Testament. In Korean Protestant churches it is also known as yepyoron.
Shincheonji
[Heresies & Cults]Shincheonji Church of Jesus, the Temple of the Tabernacle of the Testimony (Shincheonji), is a new religious movement founded by Lee Man-hee in 1984 in Gwacheon, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. Major Korean Protestant denominations, including the Presbyterian Church of Korea (Tonghap), the Presbyterian Church in Korea (Hapdong), and the Korea Evangelical Holiness Church, have declared it heretical.
Direct Revelation
[Doctrine & Theology]Direct revelation refers to the claim that God, bypassing Scripture, communicates new aspects of His will directly to an individual through dreams, visions, voices, or similar means. In Korean Protestant churches the term (jiktong gyesi) is used chiefly to warn against or criticize such claims.
Tim Keller
[People]Tim Keller (Timothy Keller, 1950–2023) was an American Presbyterian pastor and author of Christian apologetics. In 1989 he founded Redeemer Presbyterian Church in Manhattan, New York. His books, including The Reason for God, also became widely known in Korean churches.
Ahn Changho
[People]Ahn Changho (安昌浩, 1878–1938), known by his pen name Dosan (島山), was a Korean independence activist and educator during the period of Japanese colonial rule. A Protestant, he organized the Sinminhoe (New People's Association), the Heungsadan (Young Korean Academy), and other organizations. He also served in the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea as Minister of Home Affairs and Acting Prime Minister.
Proverbs 16:1–3
[Bible Verses]Proverbs 16:1–3 is a group of wisdom sayings teaching that people make plans in their hearts, but God judges both the outcome and the motives of the heart. It urges the reader to commit his works to the LORD. Because the passage addresses both divine sovereignty and human planning, Korean Protestant churches frequently cite it at the New Year, when students advance to a new school, and when businesses open.
Fanny Crosby
[People]Fanny Crosby (1820–1915) was a blind American hymn writer and poet. She wrote more than 8,000 hymn texts, including "Blessed Assurance," which appears as No. 288 in the hymnal used by Korean Protestant churches.
Paek Hong-jun
[People]Paek Hong-jun (1848–1893) was an early Korean Protestant from Uiju, North Pyongan Province. Baptized in Manchuria by a Scottish Presbyterian missionary, he was among the first Koreans to receive Protestant baptism, and he spread the gospel throughout the Uiju region as a colporteur and evangelist.
The Resurrection Chapter
[Bible]The Resurrection Chapter is a name for 1 Corinthians 15 in the New Testament. In this chapter Paul gives his most extensive treatment of the resurrection of Christ and the bodily resurrection of believers on the last day.