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Angelology
[Doctrine & Theology]Angelology is the branch of systematic theology that deals with the existence, nature, and work of angels, as well as with fallen angels (Satan and demons). In Protestant theology it is usually treated within the doctrines of creation and providence.
Former Prophets
[Bible]The Former Prophets are the first four books of the Prophets, the second division of the Hebrew Bible: Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings. In the Christian Old Testament, the same books are classified as historical books.
Form Criticism
[Doctrine & Theology]Form criticism is a method of biblical interpretation that focuses on the oral stage of transmission before biblical texts were committed to writing; it divides texts into small units of tradition and studies their literary forms and the settings in which they were first used.
Redemptive History
[Doctrine & Theology]Redemptive history refers both to the theological perspective that reads the whole of Scripture as a single history in which God saves humanity and the world fallen into sin, and to the history that this perspective describes.
Two-Source Hypothesis
[Doctrine & Theology]The Two-Source Hypothesis holds that the Gospels of Matthew and Luke were written using both the Gospel of Mark and a hypothetical collection of the sayings of Jesus called "Q." It is one of the leading theories proposed to explain the Synoptic Problem.
Paschal Candle
[Worship & Rites]The Paschal candle is a large candle lit at Easter whose light represents Christ risen in victory over death. It is used chiefly in churches of liturgical traditions, such as the Catholic and Anglican churches, and some Protestant churches also use it.
Former Prophets
[Bible]The Former Prophets is the collective name for Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings, the books that stand at the beginning of the Prophets division of the Hebrew Bible. Christian Bibles usually classify these books as historical books.
Adoption
[Doctrine & Theology]Adoption is a theological term for the grace by which people who were not by nature children of God are received as God's children through Jesus Christ and obtain the rights of heirs.
Bishop
[Church Offices]A bishop is a senior member of the clergy who oversees a diocese made up of multiple churches and performs the ordination of clergy. The title is used by the Catholic Church, the Orthodox Church, and the Anglican Communion. In Korean, Protestant Bibles and the Methodist Church render the same term with a different word, *gamdok* ("overseer").
Words of Institution
[Worship & Rites]The Words of Institution are the words Jesus spoke over the bread and the cup at the Last Supper. As the scriptural basis for the sacrament, they are read aloud or recited within a prayer whenever the church celebrates Communion.
Doctor of the Church
[Church Offices]Doctor of the Church is a title the Catholic Church formally confers on saints who have made an outstanding contribution to teaching the faith and doctrine. Protestantism has no corresponding official office or title.
Bride of Christ
[Doctrine & Theology]The Bride of Christ is a biblical image that likens the church to a bride united with Jesus Christ in a marriage covenant. It expresses the love between Christ and the church, the church's purity, and the eschatological consummation of their relationship.
Immortality of the Soul
[Doctrine & Theology]The immortality of the soul is the belief that, although a person dies and the body decays, the soul does not perish but continues to exist. Many denominations teach it together with belief in the resurrection, though views differ on its basis and on how it should be expressed.
Amish
[Denominations]The Amish are a Protestant community that separated from the Anabaptists of Switzerland and Alsace in the late seventeenth century. They emphasize believer's baptism and separation from the world, and they are known for their plain dress and limited use of technology.
Westminster Larger Catechism
[Doctrine & Theology]The Westminster Larger Catechism is a manual of doctrinal instruction of 196 questions and answers, composed by the Westminster Assembly in 1647. Together with the Westminster Confession of Faith and the Shorter Catechism, it serves as a doctrinal standard of Presbyterianism.
Thousand Burnt Offerings
[Christian Life]The thousand burnt offerings are the sacrifices Solomon offered at Gibeon (1 Kings 3:4). In Korean Protestant churches, the expression also names a devotional practice of praying and giving offerings on a thousand occasions or over a thousand days.
Covenant of Redemption
[Doctrine & Theology]The covenant of redemption is the eternal agreement understood to have been made between the Father and the Son before the foundation of the world for the salvation of sinners. Reformed covenant theology presents it as the foundation of the covenant of grace.
Deutero-Isaiah
[Bible]Deutero-Isaiah (Second Isaiah) is a term in biblical scholarship for Isaiah 40–55, or for the anonymous prophet thought to have written that section. Critical scholarship and conservative theology differ on its date and authorship.
Conditional Immortality
[Doctrine & Theology]Conditional immortality is the theological view that human beings are not inherently immortal and that God grants eternal life as a gift only to those who are in Christ.
Penal Substitutionary Atonement
[Doctrine & Theology]Penal substitutionary atonement is an understanding of the atonement which holds that Jesus Christ died on the cross bearing, in the sinner's place, the punishment from God that the sinner deserved, and that God's justice was thereby satisfied and the forgiveness of sins accomplished.