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Doctor of the Church
[Church Offices]Doctor of the Church is a title the Catholic Church formally confers on saints who have made an outstanding contribution to teaching the faith and doctrine. Protestantism has no corresponding official office or title.
Bride of Christ
[Doctrine & Theology]The Bride of Christ is a biblical image that likens the church to a bride united with Jesus Christ in a marriage covenant. It expresses the love between Christ and the church, the church's purity, and the eschatological consummation of their relationship.
Immortality of the Soul
[Doctrine & Theology]The immortality of the soul is the belief that, although a person dies and the body decays, the soul does not perish but continues to exist. Many denominations teach it together with belief in the resurrection, though views differ on its basis and on how it should be expressed.
Amish
[Denominations]The Amish are a Protestant community that separated from the Anabaptists of Switzerland and Alsace in the late seventeenth century. They emphasize believer's baptism and separation from the world, and they are known for their plain dress and limited use of technology.
Westminster Larger Catechism
[Doctrine & Theology]The Westminster Larger Catechism is a manual of doctrinal instruction of 196 questions and answers, composed by the Westminster Assembly in 1647. Together with the Westminster Confession of Faith and the Shorter Catechism, it serves as a doctrinal standard of Presbyterianism.
Thousand Burnt Offerings
[Christian Life]The thousand burnt offerings are the sacrifices Solomon offered at Gibeon (1 Kings 3:4). In Korean Protestant churches, the expression also names a devotional practice of praying and giving offerings on a thousand occasions or over a thousand days.
Covenant of Redemption
[Doctrine & Theology]The covenant of redemption is the eternal agreement understood to have been made between the Father and the Son before the foundation of the world for the salvation of sinners. Reformed covenant theology presents it as the foundation of the covenant of grace.
Deutero-Isaiah
[Bible]Deutero-Isaiah (Second Isaiah) is a term in biblical scholarship for Isaiah 40–55, or for the anonymous prophet thought to have written that section. Critical scholarship and conservative theology differ on its date and authorship.
Conditional Immortality
[Doctrine & Theology]Conditional immortality is the theological view that human beings are not inherently immortal and that God grants eternal life as a gift only to those who are in Christ.
Penal Substitutionary Atonement
[Doctrine & Theology]Penal substitutionary atonement is an understanding of the atonement which holds that Jesus Christ died on the cross bearing, in the sinner's place, the punishment from God that the sinner deserved, and that God's justice was thereby satisfied and the forgiveness of sins accomplished.
Minor Judges
[Bible]The Minor Judges are the judges in the book of Judges whose records consist of little more than a name and a brief notice. The term usually refers to six figures: Shamgar, Tola, Jair, Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon. The term itself does not appear in the biblical text.
Limbo
[Doctrine & Theology]Limbo is the place where the souls of unbaptized infants, or of the righteous who died before Christ, were believed to dwell. The concept developed in medieval Roman Catholic theology and is generally not accepted by Protestants.
Filial Piety
[Christian Life]Filial piety is the honoring and serving of one's parents. Protestants understand it as a religious duty grounded in the fifth of the Ten Commandments: "Honour thy father and thy mother."
Naboth's Vineyard
[Bible]Naboth's vineyard is the episode in which King Ahab of the northern kingdom of Israel and his queen, Jezebel, had Naboth the Jezreelite put to death through a false trial in order to seize his vineyard. The account appears in 1 Kings 21.
Ezekiel's Temple Vision
[Bible]Ezekiel's temple vision, recorded in Ezekiel 40–48, is the vision in which Ezekiel, a prophet of the Babylonian exile, saw a restored temple and land. It is best known for its account of a river that flows out from the temple and brings life to a dead sea.
Family Sunday
[Feasts & Seasons]Family Sunday is a commemorative Sunday observed in Korean Protestant churches for reflecting on the meaning of the family and praying for families. It is usually held in May, which is observed in South Korea as "Family Month," although its date and name vary by denomination and congregation.
Codex Sinaiticus
[Bible]Codex Sinaiticus is a fourth-century Greek manuscript of the Bible. It was discovered at Saint Catherine's Monastery at Mount Sinai and is known as the oldest surviving manuscript that contains the complete New Testament.
Jotham's Fable
[Bible]Jotham's Fable is the story recorded in Judges 9:7-21 that Jotham, the youngest son of Gideon, told the men of Shechem from the top of Mount Gerizim. In it the trees seek to anoint a king over themselves. The useful trees decline, and only the bramble offers to become king.
Dyothelitism
[Doctrine & Theology]Dyothelitism is the Christological doctrine that Jesus Christ possesses two wills, a divine will and a human will, in one person. It was formulated in opposition to monothelitism.
Minjung Church
[Organization & Polity]A minjung church is a church that regards workers, the urban poor, and other socially marginalized people as the "minjung" (the people) and makes standing with them, in the places where they live, the center of its mission. Minjung churches took shape in South Korea in the 1970s and 1980s alongside minjung theology.