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Gospel of Peter
[Bible]The Gospel of Peter is an ancient Greek gospel bearing the name of the apostle Peter. It is not part of the biblical canon, and only a fragment dealing with the passion and resurrection of Jesus survives.
Sign
[Bible]A sign is a mark that reveals God's will or shows in advance what is to come. In the Old Testament the term refers to signs of the covenant and to the symbolic acts of the prophets; in the New Testament it extends to the signs performed by Jesus and to the signs of the end times.
Gospel of Nicodemus
[Bible]The Gospel of Nicodemus is an ancient Christian text that recounts the trial, death, and resurrection of Jesus and his descent into Hades. Also known as the Acts of Pilate, it is a work of New Testament apocrypha and is not part of the biblical canon.
Relic
[Doctrine & Theology]A relic is the preserved remains of a saint or martyr, an object that a saint or martyr used, or an object associated with the life of Jesus, kept as an object of veneration. The Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church venerate relics, while Protestants generally reject the practice.
Aloes
[Bible]Aloes is a precious aromatic mentioned in the Bible. In the Old Testament it describes the fragrance of a king and of lovers; in the New Testament it refers to the spices Nicodemus brought for the burial of Jesus.
Sycamore Fig
[Bible]The sycamore fig is a tree of the fig family that grows in the warm lowlands of Egypt and Palestine. In the Bible it appears as the tree Amos tended and as the tree Zacchaeus climbed to see Jesus.
Zebulun
[People]Zebulun was the sixth son of Jacob and Leah and the ancestor of the tribe of Zebulun, one of the twelve tribes of Israel. The tribe's territory is connected with the region of Galilee, where Jesus later carried out his ministry.
Joanna
[People]Joanna is a woman mentioned in the Gospel of Luke, the wife of Chuza, Herod's steward. She ministered to Jesus and his disciples out of her own means and was one of the women who brought news of the empty tomb to the apostles on the morning of the resurrection.
Zebedee
[People]Zebedee was a Galilean fisherman and the father of James and John, two of the twelve disciples of Jesus. In the Gospels his name appears mostly in the phrase "the sons of Zebedee."
Chuza
[People]Chuza was the steward of Herod Antipas, tetrarch of Galilee. He was the husband of Joanna, one of the women who ministered to Jesus and his company out of their own means, and he is named only once in Scripture, in Luke 8:3.
Protevangelium of James
[Bible]The Protevangelium of James is a Greek apocryphal work from around the second century that recounts the birth and upbringing of Mary, the mother of Jesus, and the birth of Jesus. It is not included in the canonical Bible.
Albert Schweitzer
[People]Albert Schweitzer (1875–1965) was an Alsatian theologian, philosopher, organist, and physician. His The Quest of the Historical Jesus left a major mark on historical Jesus research, and his medical work at Lambaréné in Gabon, Africa, earned him the Nobel Peace Prize in 1952.
Hesychasm
[Doctrine & Theology]Hesychasm, from the Greek hesychia, meaning "stillness," is a spirituality of prayer in the monastic tradition of the Eastern Orthodox Church that seeks union with God by stilling the heart and ceaselessly repeating the Jesus Prayer.
Ebionites
[Doctrine & Theology]The Ebionites were a Jewish Christian group that existed from the first to the fourth century. Because they insisted on observance of the Mosaic Law and regarded Jesus as a man chosen by God, the early church fathers described them as a group that had departed from orthodoxy.
Nard
[Bible]Nard is a precious aromatic ointment made from the roots of a plant that grows in the Himalayan region. In the Bible it appears in the Song of Solomon and the Gospels. It is best known as the "pure nard" (KJV "spikenard") that a woman poured on Jesus.
Garden Tomb
[History]The Garden Tomb is a rock-cut tomb and garden north of the Damascus Gate in the Old City of Jerusalem. It became known in the nineteenth century when some Protestants proposed it as the tomb of Jesus, and today it is a favored place of reflection for Protestant pilgrims.
Nonviolence
[Doctrine & Theology]Nonviolence is a religious and ethical position that seeks to resist evil and injustice without the use of violence. In Christianity it is grounded in Jesus' teaching on love of enemies. Denominations differ on the extent to which war and the use of force may be permitted.
Wolfhart Pannenberg
[People]Wolfhart Pannenberg (1928–2014) was a German Lutheran systematic theologian. He advanced the concept of "revelation as history," holding that God's revelation is disclosed through history as a whole, and he argued that the resurrection of Jesus was a historical event.
Leo Tolstoy
[People]Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910) was a Russian novelist and religious and moral thinker, the author of *War and Peace*, *Anna Karenina*, and *Resurrection*. He interpreted the teachings of Jesus as a call to nonviolence and nonresistance, and after criticizing the church he was excommunicated from the Russian Orthodox Church in 1901.
Social Gospel
[History]The Social Gospel was a movement within American Protestantism from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth century. It sought to apply the ethics of Jesus and his teaching on the Kingdom of God to social structures, addressing problems such as the poverty and labor conditions produced by industrialization. It is also known as the Social Gospel movement.