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Shaphan
[People]Shaphan was a scribe in the reign of King Josiah of Judah. He read before the king the Book of the Law found during the repair of the Temple and thus played a part in the events that set Josiah's religious reform in motion.
Hebrew Language
[Bible]Hebrew is the language of the ancient Israelites, in which most of the Old Testament was written. The New Testament refers to it as "the Hebrew tongue."
Former Prophets
[Bible]The Former Prophets are the first four books of the Prophets, the second division of the Hebrew Bible: Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings. In the Christian Old Testament, the same books are classified as historical books.
Former Prophets
[Bible]The Former Prophets is the collective name for Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings, the books that stand at the beginning of the Prophets division of the Hebrew Bible. Christian Bibles usually classify these books as historical books.
Stem of Jesse
[Bible]The "stem of Jesse" is an image from Isaiah 11:1 in which a shoot springs from the stump of Jesse, the father of David. The expression prophesies an ideal king who will arise from the house of David. Christians generally read it as a messianic prophecy concerning Jesus Christ.
Madai
[People]Madai, the third son of Noah's son Japheth, appears in the genealogies of Genesis 10 and 1 Chronicles 1. He is traditionally regarded as the ancestor of the Medes, a people of the ancient Iranian region.
Haggith
[People]Haggith was one of the wives of King David and the mother of Adonijah, the fourth son born to David in Hebron. Scripture records only her name.
Kiriath-arba
[Bible]Kiriath-arba is the ancient name of Hebron, a town in the hill country of Judah in southern Canaan. The Old Testament explains that the name came from Arba, the greatest man among the Anakim.
Siloam Tunnel
[Bible]The Siloam Tunnel is a rock-cut channel that carries water from the Gihon Spring in Jerusalem to the Pool of Siloam inside the city. It is commonly identified as the conduit dug by King Hezekiah of Judah and is therefore also called Hezekiah's Tunnel.
Magdala
[Bible]Magdala was an ancient town believed to have stood on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee. In the Bible it is known chiefly through the name "Mary Magdalene."
Cherethites and Pelethites
[Bible]The Cherethites and Pelethites were the king's personal troops during the reign of King David, commanded by Benaiah the son of Jehoiada. They are commonly understood to have been a bodyguard made up of foreign mercenaries.
Rephaim
[Bible]The Rephaim were an ancient people of great stature who, according to the Old Testament, lived east of the Jordan and in Canaan before Israel. In the poetic and prophetic books, the same word can also refer to the spirits of the dead.
Valley of Salt
[Bible]The Valley of Salt was a valley in the south of Judah, on the border with Edom. In the Bible it appears as the battlefield where Israel won major victories over Edom in the time of David and in the reign of Amaziah king of Judah.
Zechariah (King of Israel)
[People]Zechariah was a king of the northern kingdom of Israel and the son of Jeroboam II. He reigned for six months before he was assassinated by Shallum, and his death brought the dynasty of Jehu to an end.
Archippus
[People]Archippus was an early Christian worker named in the New Testament letters to the Colossians and to Philemon. Paul called him a "fellowsoldier" and urged him to fulfill "the ministry which thou hast received in the Lord."
Baal-zephon
[Bible]Baal-zephon is a place near the site where the Israelites encamped before crossing the Red Sea during the Exodus. It appears in Exodus 14 and Numbers 33, and its exact location is unknown.
Table of Nations
[Bible]The Table of Nations is the genealogy of the descendants of Noah's three sons, Shem, Ham, and Japheth, recorded in Genesis 10. It sets out how humanity divided and spread into many peoples and nations after the Flood. It is also called the List of Nations.
Papyrus
[Bible]Papyrus is an aquatic plant that grows in the marshes of the Nile Valley, and the name also refers to the ancient writing material made from its stalks. In the Old Testament it appears mainly as a plant, and in the New Testament as "paper." It is also important as the material of early New Testament manuscripts.
Mahlon and Chilion
[People]Mahlon and Chilion are the two sons of Elimelech and Naomi in the Book of Ruth. During the period of the judges they moved with their family to Moab to escape a famine, married Moabite women, and died there. Mahlon's wife was Ruth.
Millo
[Bible]Millo was the name of a structure, or of the area around it, in the City of David in Jerusalem. It was the point from which David began building the city, and Solomon and Hezekiah later rebuilt or reinforced it.