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Theotokos
[Doctrine & Theology]Theotokos is a Greek term meaning "the one who gave birth to God." It is a title for Mary, the mother of Jesus, and was formally affirmed by the Council of Ephesus in 431.
Confirmation
[Worship & Rites]Confirmation is a rite in which a baptized believer personally professes the faith and receives the laying on of hands to be strengthened in that faith. The Catholic and Anglican churches call it the Sacrament of Confirmation, and Lutherans also practice confirmation, while other Protestant denominations have a comparable rite of admission to church membership.
Subordinationism
[Doctrine & Theology]Subordinationism is the view that, within the triune God, the Son and the Holy Spirit are inferior to the Father in essence or divinity. Since the Nicene Creed, the orthodox church has rejected this position.
General Revelation
[Doctrine & Theology]General revelation is the concept that God reveals himself through channels open to all people, such as nature, history, and the human conscience. It is paired with special revelation, which comes through Scripture and Jesus Christ.
Hesychasm
[Doctrine & Theology]Hesychasm, from the Greek hesychia, meaning "stillness," is a spirituality of prayer in the monastic tradition of the Eastern Orthodox Church that seeks union with God by stilling the heart and ceaselessly repeating the Jesus Prayer.
Spiritual Mapping
[Doctrine & Theology]Spiritual mapping is a method of investigating the spiritual forces believed to dominate a particular area, along with the grounds for their influence, organizing the findings like a map, and using them in prayer and mission strategy. Together with the concept of territorial spirits, it remains the subject of ongoing debate.
Wrath of God
[Doctrine & Theology]The wrath of God is a theological term for God's holy opposition to and judgment upon sin and unrighteousness. It appears throughout the Bible and is an important theme in explaining the doctrines of atonement and salvation.
Special Revelation
[Doctrine & Theology]Special revelation is a theological term for God's disclosure of Himself and His saving will through particular means such as prophecy, historical events, Jesus Christ, and Scripture, as distinguished from general revelation through nature and conscience.
Imputation
[Doctrine & Theology]Imputation is the theological concept that the sin or righteousness of one person is reckoned to another and credited to that person's account. It is used chiefly in the Protestant doctrine of justification, where it refers to the righteousness of Christ being credited to those who believe.
Ebionites
[Doctrine & Theology]The Ebionites were a Jewish Christian group that existed from the first to the fourth century. Because they insisted on observance of the Mosaic Law and regarded Jesus as a man chosen by God, the early church fathers described them as a group that had departed from orthodoxy.
Suffering
[Doctrine & Theology]Suffering is the pain and hardship that people experience. In Christianity the term refers especially to the Passion that Jesus Christ endured on the cross and to the trials believers face because of their faith or in the course of life.
Seven Sacraments
[Doctrine & Theology]The Seven Sacraments are the seven rites that the Catholic Church professes to be signs of grace instituted by Christ: Baptism, Confirmation, the Eucharist, Penance, the Anointing of the Sick, Holy Orders, and Matrimony. Most Protestants recognize only two sacraments, Baptism and the Lord's Supper.
Angel Worship
[Doctrine & Theology]Angel worship refers to offering angels the worship or prayer that belongs to God alone. Protestants reject it on the basis of Colossians 2:18 and other passages.
Christian Liberty
[Doctrine & Theology]Christian liberty is the Protestant teaching that those who believe in Christ have been set free from the dominion of sin, the condemnation of the law, and human ordinances without basis in Scripture, so that they may serve God and their neighbor in love.
Redemption
[Doctrine & Theology]Redemption is the act of paying a price to release a slave or captive and set that person free. In Christianity, it refers to the teaching that Christ paid the price through his death on the cross and thereby set people free from sin and death.
Reconciliation
[Doctrine & Theology]Reconciliation is the restoration of a relationship that has become hostile or estranged. In Christian theology, it refers both to the restoration of the relationship between God and humanity through Christ and to the resulting restoration of relationships among people.
Hypostatic Union
[Doctrine & Theology]The hypostatic union is the Christological teaching that in the one person of Jesus Christ true divinity and true humanity are joined in a single hypostasis (person), without being mixed or divided.
Christian Perfection
[Doctrine & Theology]Christian perfection is the teaching that believers can attain, in this life, a state of wholly loving God and neighbor. Systematized by John Wesley, it is regarded as a distinctive feature of Methodist and Holiness theology.
Illumination of the Holy Spirit
[Doctrine & Theology]The illumination of the Holy Spirit is a theological term for the work by which the Holy Spirit enlightens the human heart to understand and receive the meaning of Scripture that has already been written.
Fallen Angel
[Doctrine & Theology]A fallen angel is a spiritual being created by God as a good angel that rebelled against God and fell from its original place. Christian tradition generally identifies Satan and demons as fallen angels.