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Theonomy
[Doctrine & Theology]Theonomy is a theological position held by some within the Reformed tradition. It maintains that the civil laws and penal sanctions of the Old Testament Mosaic law should, in principle, apply to nations today.
Protevangelium of James
[Bible]The Protevangelium of James is a Greek apocryphal work from around the second century that recounts the birth and upbringing of Mary, the mother of Jesus, and the birth of Jesus. It is not included in the canonical Bible.
Pacifism
[Doctrine & Theology]Pacifism is the position that rejects war and violence and pursues peace through nonviolence. Within Christianity, the Anabaptist and Quaker traditions are its most prominent representatives, and it stands in contrast to just war theory.
Grammatical-Historical Interpretation
[Doctrine & Theology]Grammatical-historical interpretation is a method of biblical interpretation that reads the text in light of the grammar of its original languages and the historical setting in which it was written, in order to discover the meaning the author originally intended to convey.
Sending of the Seventy
[Bible]The Sending of the Seventy is an event in which Jesus appointed seventy others, apart from the Twelve, and sent them two by two ahead of him into every town he intended to visit. It is recorded only in Luke 10.
Two Kingdoms Doctrine
[Doctrine & Theology]The two kingdoms doctrine is a Protestant teaching that God governs the world in two ways: through a spiritual government, in which he rules faith by his Word, and through a temporal government, in which the state and the law preserve social order.
Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion
[Doctrine & Theology]The Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion are thirty-nine articles of faith drawn up by the Church of England during the sixteenth-century Reformation. They are a historic standard of Anglican doctrine and also influenced the Methodist Articles of Religion.
Song of Zechariah
[Bible]The Song of Zechariah is a hymn recorded in Luke 1:68-79. Filled with the Holy Spirit on the day of his son's circumcision, Zechariah, the father of John the Baptist, praises God's salvation and prophesies concerning his son's mission.
Works-Righteousness
[Doctrine & Theology]Works-righteousness is the attitude or belief that a person can obtain salvation or God's grace through his or her own good deeds and religious acts. The term is used mainly in Protestantism, usually in a critical sense.
Presence of God
[Doctrine & Theology]The presence of God refers to God's being with a particular place, person, or community. Denominations differ in their emphases on how this presence is experienced and understood in worship and prayer.
Theotokos
[Doctrine & Theology]Theotokos is a Greek term meaning "the one who gave birth to God." It is a title for Mary, the mother of Jesus, and was formally affirmed by the Council of Ephesus in 431.
Confirmation
[Worship & Rites]Confirmation is a rite in which a baptized believer personally professes the faith and receives the laying on of hands to be strengthened in that faith. The Catholic and Anglican churches call it the Sacrament of Confirmation, and Lutherans also practice confirmation, while other Protestant denominations have a comparable rite of admission to church membership.
Subordinationism
[Doctrine & Theology]Subordinationism is the view that, within the triune God, the Son and the Holy Spirit are inferior to the Father in essence or divinity. Since the Nicene Creed, the orthodox church has rejected this position.
General Revelation
[Doctrine & Theology]General revelation is the concept that God reveals himself through channels open to all people, such as nature, history, and the human conscience. It is paired with special revelation, which comes through Scripture and Jesus Christ.
Hesychasm
[Doctrine & Theology]Hesychasm, from the Greek hesychia, meaning "stillness," is a spirituality of prayer in the monastic tradition of the Eastern Orthodox Church that seeks union with God by stilling the heart and ceaselessly repeating the Jesus Prayer.
Spiritual Mapping
[Doctrine & Theology]Spiritual mapping is a method of investigating the spiritual forces believed to dominate a particular area, along with the grounds for their influence, organizing the findings like a map, and using them in prayer and mission strategy. Together with the concept of territorial spirits, it remains the subject of ongoing debate.
Wrath of God
[Doctrine & Theology]The wrath of God is a theological term for God's holy opposition to and judgment upon sin and unrighteousness. It appears throughout the Bible and is an important theme in explaining the doctrines of atonement and salvation.
Special Revelation
[Doctrine & Theology]Special revelation is a theological term for God's disclosure of Himself and His saving will through particular means such as prophecy, historical events, Jesus Christ, and Scripture, as distinguished from general revelation through nature and conscience.
Imputation
[Doctrine & Theology]Imputation is the theological concept that the sin or righteousness of one person is reckoned to another and credited to that person's account. It is used chiefly in the Protestant doctrine of justification, where it refers to the righteousness of Christ being credited to those who believe.
Ebionites
[Doctrine & Theology]The Ebionites were a Jewish Christian group that existed from the first to the fourth century. Because they insisted on observance of the Mosaic Law and regarded Jesus as a man chosen by God, the early church fathers described them as a group that had departed from orthodoxy.