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Former Prophets
The Former Prophets is the collective name for Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings, the books that stand at the beginning of the Prophets division of the Hebrew Bible. Christian Bibles usually classify these books as historical books.
Joel 3
Joel 3 is the final chapter of the Book of Joel. It is a prophecy in which God gathers the nations into the valley of Jehoshaphat for judgment, restores Judah and Jerusalem, and declares that he will dwell in Zion.
Languages of the Bible
The languages of the Bible are the original languages in which the Bible was first written. The Old Testament was written mainly in Hebrew, with some portions in Aramaic, and the New Testament was written in Greek, specifically ancient Greek.
Shiphrah and Puah
Shiphrah and Puah were two midwives (women who assisted at childbirth) mentioned in Exodus 1. Because they feared God, they refused to obey the Egyptian king's command to kill Hebrew baby boys.
Heresy
In Christianity, heresy (Korean: idan) refers to teaching that departs from the fundamental doctrines grounded in Scripture and confessed by the historic church, or to the individuals and groups that follow such teaching.
Psalm 8:5-8
Psalm 8:5-8 praises God for making human beings "a little lower than the angels" (or "than God"), crowning them with honor, and giving them dominion over all things. The passage is frequently cited in discussions of human dignity and of responsibility for creation, and it is also known as a text that the Epistle to the Hebrews applies to Jesus Christ.
The Fiery Furnace
The fiery furnace episode, recorded in Daniel 3, is the account of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, who refused to bow down to the golden image set up by King Nebuchadnezzar, were thrown into a burning furnace, and came out alive and unharmed.
Cubit
The cubit is an ancient unit of length based on the distance from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger. In the Bible it is used to give the dimensions of Noah's ark, the tabernacle, the temple, and other objects, and it is generally estimated at roughly 45 cm.
Lord's Day
An expression used in the New Testament. In Revelation 1:10 it refers to the day on which Christians gathered for worship; in the Epistles it refers to the last day, when Christ will return to judge.
Yoke
A yoke is a wooden frame placed on the neck of a draft animal such as an ox so that it can pull a plow or cart. In the Bible it serves as a figure for domination and bondage, and also for obedience and the life of discipleship.
Joel 2:28-29
God's promise that afterward he will pour out his Spirit upon all flesh, so that sons and daughters will prophesy, old men will dream dreams, and young men will see visions, and that he will pour out his Spirit even upon servants and handmaids. Quoted by Peter in his Pentecost sermon, the passage is a central text in interdenominational debates over the work of the Holy Spirit, spiritual gifts, and women's ministry.
Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego
Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego were young men of Judah taken captive to Babylon and were Daniel's three friends. They refused to bow down to King Nebuchadnezzar's golden image, were thrown into a fiery furnace, and came out alive.
Kinsman-Redeemer
The kinsman-redeemer (Hebrew goel) is an Old Testament institution referring to a close relative who paid the price to recover land or freedom that a family member had lost through poverty or similar circumstances. Boaz in the Book of Ruth is the best-known example.
Adonai
Adonai is a Hebrew word meaning "my Lord," used in the Old Testament as a title for God. In Judaism, readers did not pronounce the divine name (YHWH) directly but substituted this word in its place.
Selah
Selah is a Hebrew word that appears in the Old Testament book of Psalms and in Habakkuk 3. Many interpreters regard it as a marker related to singing or recitation, but its exact meaning remains unknown.
Immanuel
Immanuel is a Hebrew name meaning "God is with us." It first appears as the name of a child given as a sign in Isaiah 7:14, and Matthew 1:23 applies it to the birth of Jesus.
Messiah
From the Hebrew for "anointed one." In the Old Testament the term was applied to kings, priests, and others, and it later came to designate the deliverer whom God would send. The New Testament confesses Jesus as the Messiah, that is, the Christ.
Hallelujah
Hallelujah is a Hebrew exclamation meaning "Praise the LORD." In the Old Testament it appears only in the Psalms, and in the New Testament only in Revelation 19. Today it is widely used in churches as an expression of praise and as a greeting.
Amen
Amen is a Hebrew word meaning "truly, it is so" or "so be it." In the Bible it serves as a response of assent to prayer, praise, and proclamation, and the church today still uses it widely as a response in prayer and worship.
Hesed
Hesed (חֶסֶד) is a Hebrew word used in the Old Testament for the steadfast love and faithful kindness that God shows to his covenant people and that people show to one another. The New Korean Revised Version (Gaeyeok Gaejeong) usually renders it as *inja* or *inae*.