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Kingship of Christ
[Doctrine & Theology]The kingship of Christ is the doctrine that Jesus Christ, as King, rules over the church and the whole world. Protestant theology describes it as one of the three offices of Christ, alongside the prophetic and priestly offices.
Witness of the Holy Spirit
[Doctrine & Theology]The witness of the Holy Spirit is the doctrine that the Holy Spirit confirms truth in the hearts of believers. It refers chiefly to the Spirit's testimony that believers are children of God and to the Spirit's work of assuring them that Scripture is the Word of God.
Priesthood of Christ
[Doctrine & Theology]The priesthood of Christ is the teaching that Jesus Christ offered his own body once for all as a sacrifice to atone for sin and that he continues to intercede for believers before God. Together with his prophetic and kingly offices, it forms the threefold office of Christ.
Guidance of the Holy Spirit
[Doctrine & Theology]The guidance of the Holy Spirit is the Christian teaching that the Holy Spirit directs believers' thoughts, judgments, and the course of their lives.
Indwelling of the Holy Spirit
[Doctrine & Theology]The indwelling of the Holy Spirit is the teaching that the Holy Spirit dwells within those who believe in Christ. It is treated as a basis of the believer's identity and sanctification, and denominations differ in how they understand its relationship to the baptism with the Holy Spirit and the filling of the Spirit.
Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit
[Doctrine & Theology]Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit is the sin of reviling the Holy Spirit, which Jesus said "shall not be forgiven." Denominations and theologians differ on what exactly this sin is.
Filling of the Holy Spirit
[Doctrine & Theology]The filling of the Holy Spirit is the state in which a believer is fully under the guidance and control of the Holy Spirit, or the experience of entering that state.
Sealing of the Holy Spirit
[Doctrine & Theology]The sealing of the Holy Spirit is the New Testament teaching that God gives the Holy Spirit to believers to mark them as His own possession and to guarantee their salvation. It is also called the seal of the Spirit.
Intelligent Design
[Doctrine & Theology]Intelligent design is the claim that certain features of living things and the universe are better explained by an "intelligent cause" than by undirected natural processes. It took shape as a movement in the United States in the 1990s.
Glorification
[Doctrine & Theology]Glorification is the final stage of salvation, in which God completely frees believers from sin and death and conforms them to the glorious likeness of Christ. The term means "being made glorious."
Gap Theory
[Doctrine & Theology]The gap theory is an interpretation of Genesis that holds that a long interval of time elapsed between the original creation in Genesis 1:1 and the condition described in Genesis 1:2. It is also called the "ruin-reconstruction theory."
Election
[Doctrine & Theology]Election is the Christian doctrine that God chooses those whom he will save; it forms part of the doctrine of predestination. Calvinism and Arminianism differ in their understanding of the basis on which God makes this choice.
Young Earth Creationism
[Doctrine & Theology]Young earth creationism is a view within creationism that reads the six days of creation in Genesis as literal 24-hour days and holds that the universe and the earth are roughly 6,000 to 10,000 years old.
Old Earth Creationism
[Doctrine & Theology]Old earth creationism is the view that affirms God's creation of the world while accepting the billions of years that science proposes for the age of the universe and the earth. It is distinct from both young earth creationism and theistic evolution.
Process Theology
[Doctrine & Theology]Process theology is a twentieth-century theological movement that seeks to reinterpret the relationship between God and the world on the basis of Alfred North Whitehead's process philosophy, which views reality not as fixed substances but as a process of continual becoming and change.
Theology of the Cross
[Doctrine & Theology]The theology of the cross is a theological perspective holding that God reveals himself not in glory and power but in the suffering and weakness of the cross. Martin Luther set it forth in contrast to the "theology of glory."
Contextual Theology
[Doctrine & Theology]Contextual theology is a theological movement that seeks to understand and express the gospel within the realities of a particular era, region, culture, and society. In the mission field, this concern is commonly called "contextualization."
Theology of Glory
[Doctrine & Theology]The theology of glory refers to an outlook holding that human beings can know God and attain to God through human reason, merit, and success. Martin Luther used the term critically, setting it against the theology of the cross.
Radical Orthodoxy
[Doctrine & Theology]Radical Orthodoxy is a theological movement that emerged in the 1990s, centered in Cambridge, England. It contends that the modern realm of the "secular" is not neutral, and it seeks to return to patristic and medieval theology in order to reinterpret all of reality through the lens of theology.
Territorial Spirits
[Doctrine & Theology]Territorial spirits are evil spiritual beings believed to rule over particular nations, cities, or regions. The term was widely used in the spiritual warfare movement of the 1980s and 1990s, and assessments of it vary sharply among denominations and theologians.