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Filling of the Holy Spirit
[Doctrine & Theology]The filling of the Holy Spirit is the state in which a believer is fully under the guidance and control of the Holy Spirit, or the experience of entering that state.
Sealing of the Holy Spirit
[Doctrine & Theology]The sealing of the Holy Spirit is the New Testament teaching that God gives the Holy Spirit to believers to mark them as His own possession and to guarantee their salvation. It is also called the seal of the Spirit.
Intelligent Design
[Doctrine & Theology]Intelligent design is the claim that certain features of living things and the universe are better explained by an "intelligent cause" than by undirected natural processes. It took shape as a movement in the United States in the 1990s.
Glorification
[Doctrine & Theology]Glorification is the final stage of salvation, in which God completely frees believers from sin and death and conforms them to the glorious likeness of Christ. The term means "being made glorious."
Gap Theory
[Doctrine & Theology]The gap theory is an interpretation of Genesis that holds that a long interval of time elapsed between the original creation in Genesis 1:1 and the condition described in Genesis 1:2. It is also called the "ruin-reconstruction theory."
Election
[Doctrine & Theology]Election is the Christian doctrine that God chooses those whom he will save; it forms part of the doctrine of predestination. Calvinism and Arminianism differ in their understanding of the basis on which God makes this choice.
Young Earth Creationism
[Doctrine & Theology]Young earth creationism is a view within creationism that reads the six days of creation in Genesis as literal 24-hour days and holds that the universe and the earth are roughly 6,000 to 10,000 years old.
Old Earth Creationism
[Doctrine & Theology]Old earth creationism is the view that affirms God's creation of the world while accepting the billions of years that science proposes for the age of the universe and the earth. It is distinct from both young earth creationism and theistic evolution.
Process Theology
[Doctrine & Theology]Process theology is a twentieth-century theological movement that seeks to reinterpret the relationship between God and the world on the basis of Alfred North Whitehead's process philosophy, which views reality not as fixed substances but as a process of continual becoming and change.
Theology of the Cross
[Doctrine & Theology]The theology of the cross is a theological perspective holding that God reveals himself not in glory and power but in the suffering and weakness of the cross. Martin Luther set it forth in contrast to the "theology of glory."
Contextual Theology
[Doctrine & Theology]Contextual theology is a theological movement that seeks to understand and express the gospel within the realities of a particular era, region, culture, and society. In the mission field, this concern is commonly called "contextualization."
Theology of Glory
[Doctrine & Theology]The theology of glory refers to an outlook holding that human beings can know God and attain to God through human reason, merit, and success. Martin Luther used the term critically, setting it against the theology of the cross.
Radical Orthodoxy
[Doctrine & Theology]Radical Orthodoxy is a theological movement that emerged in the 1990s, centered in Cambridge, England. It contends that the modern realm of the "secular" is not neutral, and it seeks to return to patristic and medieval theology in order to reinterpret all of reality through the lens of theology.
Territorial Spirits
[Doctrine & Theology]Territorial spirits are evil spiritual beings believed to rule over particular nations, cities, or regions. The term was widely used in the spiritual warfare movement of the 1980s and 1990s, and assessments of it vary sharply among denominations and theologians.
Ecotheology
[Doctrine & Theology]Ecotheology is a field of theology that reflects on the relationship among God, humanity, and nature and addresses the church's responsibility in the face of the environmental crisis. It is also called environmental theology.
Fivefold Ministry
[Doctrine & Theology]The fivefold ministry is a collective term for the five offices named in Ephesians 4:11: apostles, prophets, evangelists, pastors, and teachers. Denominations and theological traditions differ on whether these offices continue today.
Black Theology
[Doctrine & Theology]Black theology is a theological movement that begins from the experience of Black people who endured slavery and racism and understands God as the one who liberates the oppressed. It took shape in the United States in the late 1960s.
Word of Faith Movement
[Doctrine & Theology]The Word of Faith movement is a religious movement that arose within twentieth-century American Pentecostal and charismatic circles. It teaches that health and prosperity come to pass when believers trust the promises of Scripture and confess them aloud.
Lectio Divina
[Doctrine & Theology]Lectio divina is a traditional Christian way of reading Scripture and praying in which a biblical text is read slowly and repeatedly, meditated upon, and prayed over. It is also called "sacred reading" or "divine reading."
Narrative Preaching
[Doctrine & Theology]Narrative preaching is a method of preaching that presents a biblical text according to the movement of a story (conflict, tension, and resolution) rather than through a series of logical points.