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Meshech and Tubal
[Bible]Meshech and Tubal are two peoples introduced in the Old Testament as descendants of Japheth. In the Book of Ezekiel they appear as northern nations that traded with Tyre and as peoples ruled by Gog.
Admah and Zeboim
[Bible]Admah and Zeboim were cities in the plain of the Jordan, near the Dead Sea, that Scripture associates with Sodom and Gomorrah. They are recorded as having been destroyed together by God's judgment, and the Book of Hosea mentions them in a passage about God's compassion.
Colonialism and Missions
[History]Colonialism and missions refers to the historical relationship in which European overseas expansion and Christian missionary work became intertwined from the fifteenth century onward. The term also covers the criticism and reassessment surrounding that relationship.
Cyril and Methodius
[History]Cyril and Methodius were ninth-century missionary brothers from Thessalonica in the Byzantine Empire. They introduced worship in the Slavic language in Great Moravia and created the Glagolitic alphabet, earning them the title "Apostles to the Slavs."
The Korean Church and Shamanism
[History]This article examines the relationship between Korean Protestantism and shamanism (musok). Protestants confronted shamanism in the early missionary period, indigenization theology later studied it, and critics have continued to attribute prosperity-oriented faith in Korean churches to shamanistic influence.
Science and Faith
[Doctrine & Theology]Science and faith is a topic concerning the relationship between science, which explains nature through observation and experiment, and faith, which rests on belief in God's revelation. It is also called "science and religion."
Christianity and the Arts
[Doctrine & Theology]The relationship between the Christian faith and the arts, such as painting, music, architecture, and literature, together with the theological understanding of that relationship. In a narrower sense, works created for worship and devotion are sometimes called "Christian art."
Christianity and Culture
[Doctrine & Theology]A theological topic concerning the relationship between the Christian faith and human culture, including language, the arts, customs, and institutions. Traditions differ on whether Christians should keep their distance from culture, accept it, or seek to transform it.
Christianity and Economics
[Doctrine & Theology]Christianity and economics is a field of theology and Christian ethics that seeks to understand economic life, including wealth, labor, property, and distribution, in the light of the Christian faith.
Faith and Reason
[Doctrine & Theology]Faith and reason is a theological topic concerning the relationship between belief in God and the human capacity for thought and argument. Denominations and theologians differ on whether the two are in harmony and on which takes precedence.
Nature and Grace
[Doctrine & Theology]Nature and grace is a theological topic concerning how created human nature and the world ("nature") relate to the free grace of God ("grace").
Traditional and Contemporary Worship
[Doctrine & Theology]Traditional worship and contemporary worship are terms that distinguish services by their form and musical style. Worship centered on hymns and a fixed order of service is called traditional worship, while worship centered on contemporary praise music led by a praise team, with a more flexible order, is called contemporary worship.
Spirit and Flesh
[Bible]Spirit and flesh are a pair of terms the Bible uses to describe human beings as they stand before God. They may refer to the constitution of the human person (spirit, soul, and body), and in the Pauline epistles they can also denote the opposition between a life that follows the Holy Spirit and a life inclined toward sin.
Chapter and Verse Divisions of the Bible
[Bible]The chapter and verse divisions of the Bible are the system by which the biblical text is divided into numbered chapters and verses. They were not part of the original text. Chapter divisions were introduced in the early thirteenth century, and New Testament verse numbers in the mid-sixteenth century.
Baptism by Sprinkling and by Immersion
[Controversies]A debate over whether the biblical mode of baptism is sprinkling or pouring water on the head or submerging the whole body in water. In Korean Protestant usage, the same Greek word is rendered by two different terms: Presbyterians, Methodists, and others use a term meaning a rite of washing, while Baptists and others use a term meaning a rite of immersion.
Ancestral Rites and Memorial Services
[Controversies]The question of whether ancestral rites should be forbidden as idolatry or regarded as a cultural expression of filial piety. Korean Protestant churches have prohibited ancestral rites and have instead held memorial services.
The Church and Politics
[Controversies]The question of how the church and individual Christians should engage in politics. Views differ on the meaning of the separation of church and state, the boundary between preaching and political speech, and the proper forms of the church's social engagement.
The Church and the Democratization Movement
[History]The church and the democratization movement refers to the activities of South Korean Protestants who, on the basis of their faith, called for the restoration of human rights and democracy under the military governments of the 1970s and 1980s. Pastors and young people from denominations affiliated with the National Council of Churches in Korea (NCCK) were at its center.
The Korean War and the Church
[History]This article covers the losses suffered by Korean Protestantism during the Korean War (1950–1953) and its responses to them. It addresses the changes the war brought to the Korean church, including the deaths of believers and the destruction of churches, refugee flight and relief work, the establishment of the military chaplaincy, and the division of the Presbyterian Church.
COVID-19 and the Church
[History]COVID-19 and the Church covers the experience of churches in South Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic that began in 2020. Its principal topics are cluster outbreaks, government restrictions on in-person worship, the shift to online worship, and legal disputes over religious freedom.