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Jabal, Jubal, and Tubal-cain
[People]Jabal, Jubal, and Tubal-cain are the three sons of Lamech, a descendant of Cain, who appear in Genesis 4. They are presented as the originators of herding, music, and the making of metal implements, respectively.
Tubal-cain
[People]Tubal-cain is a descendant of Cain named in Genesis 4, the son of Lamech and Zillah, who made various implements of bronze and iron. He is the first figure in Scripture associated with metalworking.
Naamah (Daughter of Lamech)
[People]Naamah is a woman named in the genealogy of Cain in Genesis 4. She was the daughter of Lamech and Zillah and the sister of Tubal-cain. The Bible mentions her by name only once, in Genesis 4:22.
Zillah
[People]Zillah is a woman mentioned in Genesis 4. She was one of the two wives of Lamech, a descendant of Cain, and the mother of Tubal-cain and Naamah.
Jubal
[People]Jubal is a descendant of Cain named in Genesis 4, the son of Lamech and Adah. Scripture describes him as "the father of all such as handle the harp and organ."
Meshech and Tubal
[Bible]Meshech and Tubal are two peoples introduced in the Old Testament as descendants of Japheth. In the Book of Ezekiel they appear as northern nations that traded with Tyre and as peoples ruled by Gog.
Gog
[People]Gog is the figure prophesied in Ezekiel 38–39 as the leader of an army that comes from the north against Israel in the last days. In Revelation 20, "Gog and Magog" serves as a name for the nations that oppose God.
Gog and Magog
[Bible]Gog and Magog are names that appear in Ezekiel 38–39 and Revelation 20 for hostile forces that come against the people of God in the last days. Magog also appears in Genesis 10 as a son of Japheth.
Magog
[People]Magog was a grandson of Noah and a son of Japheth, named in the genealogies of Genesis and 1 Chronicles. In Ezekiel and Revelation, his name is used for a northern land and for forces opposed to God.
Ezekiel 39
[Bible]Ezekiel 39 is a prophecy that Gog and his army will fall on the mountains of Israel and be buried in the Valley of Hamon-gog. It closes with God's promise to gather scattered Israel again and to pour out His Spirit.
Madai
[People]Madai, the third son of Noah's son Japheth, appears in the genealogies of Genesis 10 and 1 Chronicles 1. He is traditionally regarded as the ancestor of the Medes, a people of the ancient Iranian region.
Tubal
[People]Tubal was the fifth son of Japheth, the son of Noah, and appears by name only in the genealogies of Genesis 10 and 1 Chronicles 1. In the prophetic books, Tubal is paired with Meshech as the name of a northern people or region.
Meshech
[People]Meshech is listed in the Table of Nations in Genesis 10 as a son of Japheth. The name also designates the people and region descended from him, and in Ezekiel it appears together with Tubal as a northern nation.
Tiras
[People]Tiras was a grandson of Noah and a son of Japheth. His name appears only in the genealogies of Genesis 10 and 1 Chronicles 1, and nothing is recorded about his life.
Javan
[People]Javan was the fourth son of Japheth, the son of Noah, and appears in the Table of Nations in Genesis 10. In the Old Testament his name is also used for the Greek people and their land.
Predestination and Free Will
[Controversies]Predestination and free will is a debate over whether salvation depends on God's election or on the human response. Calvinism, followed by Presbyterians, and the Arminian-Wesleyan tradition, followed by Methodists, Holiness churches, and Full Gospel churches, explain the question differently.
Cessationism and Continuationism
[Controversies]Cessationism and continuationism are opposing positions in the debate over whether gifts of the Holy Spirit such as tongues, prophecy, and divine healing have continued beyond the apostolic age. Some conservative Presbyterians hold that these gifts have ceased, while Pentecostal churches, such as the Assemblies of God (Full Gospel), hold that they continue today.
The Sabbath and the Lord's Day
[Controversies]A discussion of whether Christians should observe the seventh-day (Saturday) Sabbath or the first-day (Sunday) Lord's Day, and whether the Lord's Day should be kept in the manner of the Old Testament Sabbath.
Alcohol and Tobacco
[Controversies]The question of whether Christians may drink alcohol or smoke tobacco. Views differ on whether the Bible actually forbids them. In Korean Protestantism, abstinence from alcohol and tobacco has been treated as a mark of the Christian life since the early days of missionary work.
Creation and Evolution
[Controversies]The debate over how to understand the creation account in Genesis together with the explanations of modern science. The principal positions are young-earth creationism, old-earth creationism, and theistic evolution (evolutionary creation).