1 Corinthians 2:4–5

Context

This passage is part of 1 Corinthians, the letter Paul sent to the church at Corinth. In chapter 1, Paul addresses believers who were dividing into factions, saying "I am of Paul" and "I of Apollos." Then, in 1:22–25, he says that while the Jews require a sign and the Greeks seek after wisdom, he preaches "Christ crucified." In 2:1–3, he recalls that when he first came to Corinth, he did not come "with excellency of speech or of wisdom," but was with them "in weakness, and in fear, and in much trembling." Verses 4–5 conclude this recollection, explaining the manner in which his preaching was carried out (v. 4) and its purpose (v. 5).

Interpretation

• As a critique of rhetoric: Many commentators hold that "enticing words of wisdom" refers to the oratory and techniques of persuasion highly prized in the Greco-Roman world of the time. On this reading, Paul deliberately avoided moving his audience through verbal skill, so that their faith would not rest on the abilities of the preacher.
• As the inward work of the Spirit: Interpreters in the Reformed and evangelical traditions generally understand "demonstration of the Spirit" as the Spirit's moving the hearts of the hearers to bring about their conversion. On this view, the very existence of the Corinthian church is evidence of that work.
• As signs and wonders: Within Pentecostalism and the charismatic movement, the passage is associated with visible manifestations of power, such as healings and miracles, that accompany preaching. Romans 15:19 and 2 Corinthians 12:12 are cited in support. Some interpreters hold that the passage includes both senses.

Debates and Controversies

• The nature of spiritual gifts: Whether "power" should be understood as miraculous signs bears on the cessationism and continuationism debate. Emphases differ by denomination.
• Does it disparage learning and preparation?: The passage is sometimes used to justify making light of theological study or sermon preparation. In response, others point out that Paul himself employed argument and persuasion (Acts 17; Romans). According to this objection, what the passage rejects is not reason itself but an attitude that makes the gospel depend on human wisdom.
• Manuscripts and translation: The Greek expression corresponding to "enticing" (or "persuasive") in verse 4 varies slightly in form among the manuscripts, and some manuscripts add the word "human." The Korean Revised Korean Version renders the phrase as "persuasive words of wisdom."

Perspective: Korean Protestant practiceHow this idea is used in Korean churches, kept from the original Korean article.

In Korean Protestant churches, the passage is frequently cited at revival meetings and Spirit-focused gatherings to emphasize the power of the Holy Spirit. Conversely, it is also used to caution against preaching that relies on flamboyant eloquence or techniques for mobilizing audiences.

Related Passages

• 1 Corinthians 2:2
• 2 Corinthians 4:7
• 1 Thessalonians 1:5
• Romans 15:18–19