John 10:28–29

Context

During the winter Feast of Dedication (the festival commemorating the dedication of the Temple), as Jesus was walking in Solomon's porch in the Temple, the Jews gathered around him and demanded that he tell them plainly whether he was the Christ. Jesus replied that he had already told them, but that they did not believe because they were not his sheep (v. 26). He then said that his sheep hear his voice and follow him (v. 27). Verses 28–29 are a promise concerning those sheep. They are followed by verse 30, "I and my Father are one," after which the Jews take up stones.

Interpretation

• As a promise of preservation: Presbyterians and others in the Reformed tradition cite this passage as a central basis for the doctrine of the perseverance of the saints. In this reading, those who have received eternal life "shall never perish," and because they are held doubly secure by the hand of the Son and the hand of the Father, true believers are preserved to the end. The Canons of Dort and the Westminster Confession of Faith confess this doctrine.
• As protection from external forces: Arminianism and the Wesleyan tradition, including Methodist and Holiness churches, hold that the promise means no outside power can snatch believers away, not that it prevents believers from abandoning their faith and departing of their own accord. They point out that the promise is addressed to the sheep who "hear my voice, and … follow me," that is, to those who continue to follow (v. 27). They read the passage together with Hebrews 6:4–6 and John 15:6.

Debates and Issues

The heart of the debate lies in how to read the certainty of salvation together with the warnings against falling away from the faith. The Reformed tradition explains that those who ultimately depart were never true believers in the first place (1 John 2:19), while the Wesleyan tradition holds that the warnings presuppose a real possibility. Among Baptists, many accept the doctrine of perseverance but emphasize it in the form of "once saved, always saved."

In South Korea, groups associated with the Salvation Sect (Guwonpa) have been criticized by the major denominations for teaching, in effect, that once a person is saved, no further repentance is necessary. Reformed theologians emphasize that the doctrine of perseverance differs from this teaching in that it cannot be separated from a life of sanctification.

Perspective: Korean Protestant practiceHow this idea is used in Korean churches, kept from the original Korean article.

In Korean Protestant churches, the passage is frequently cited in new-believer instruction and one-on-one discipleship materials that teach assurance of salvation.

Related Passages

• John 6:37–40
• Romans 8:38–39
• Philippians 1:6
• Hebrews 6:4–6
• 1 John 2:19