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Morning Star
[Bible]The morning star is the star that heralds the dawn in the eastern sky before sunrise. In the Bible it serves as a symbol of the coming of a new day and of Christ, and it is also used figuratively of the king of Babylon, who fell because of his pride.
Number of the Beast
[Bible]The number of the beast is the number 666, which appears in Revelation 13:18. It is mentioned in connection with the mark that the beast rising out of the earth causes people to receive, and interpretations of what it signifies vary widely.
Genesis 34
[Bible]Genesis 34 records how, after Shechem violated Jacob's daughter Dinah, Simeon and Levi used a deceitful demand for circumcision to kill the men of the city of Shechem, after which their brothers plundered the city.
Choi Heung-jong
[People]Choi Heung-jong (崔興宗, 1880–1966) was a Presbyterian minister and independence activist from Gwangju, Korea. He devoted his life to caring for people with Hansen's disease (leprosy), beggars, and tuberculosis patients, and he became known as "the father of beggars and lepers." His pen name was Obang (五放).
Peace of Westphalia
[History]The Peace of Westphalia is the collective name for a series of peace treaties concluded in 1648 at Münster and Osnabrück in the region of Westphalia. It ended the Thirty Years' War and gave legal recognition within the Holy Roman Empire to Calvinism (the Reformed tradition) alongside Catholicism and Lutheranism.
German Church Struggle
[History]The German Church Struggle refers to the conflicts experienced by the churches in Germany during the Nazi era (1933–1945). In the narrower sense, it denotes the struggle between the pro-Nazi "German Christian" movement and the opposing Confessing Church over control of German Protestantism and its confession of faith.
Greeks
[Bible]In the New Testament, "Greek" refers to a Greek person or, more broadly, to a non-Jew belonging to the Greek-speaking world and Greek culture. The paired expression "Jew and Greek" is also used to represent all of humanity.
Revelation 2
[Bible]Revelation 2 contains four of the letters addressed to the seven churches of Asia Minor: those to the churches in Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, and Thyatira. Each letter commends or rebukes the church for its works and gives a promise to the one who overcomes.
Heresy Designation
[Heresies & Cults]A heresy designation is a formal determination by a denominational general assembly or an interdenominational church body, made after investigating the teachings of a particular individual or group, that those teachings have departed from orthodox doctrine. Because each denomination makes its own determinations, conclusions and their severity can differ from one denomination to another.
Romans 9:20-21
[Bible Verses]A passage asserting the potter's authority over the clay, declaring that the thing formed cannot say to him that formed it, "Why hast thou made me thus?" As the heart of Romans 9, which addresses God's sovereign election, it carries more weight than perhaps any other text in debates over predestination.
1 John 5:7–8
[Bible Verses]This passage states that there are three that bear witness: the Spirit, the water, and the blood. Some Latin manuscripts and later translations add the words "there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost." This addition, known as the Johannine Comma, has become the most famous case in biblical textual criticism.
Revelation 3:20
[Bible Verses]Revelation 3:20 records Christ's words, "Behold, I stand at the door, and knock: if any man hear my voice, and open the door, I will come in to him, and will sup with him, and he with me." The verse is widely used in evangelism and in prayers for receiving Christ, but discussions of it also note that it was originally addressed to the lukewarm church in Laodicea.
Revelation 13:16-18
[Bible Verses]In this passage the beast that rises out of the earth causes all people to receive a mark in their right hand or in their foreheads, so that no one may buy or sell without the mark, and its number is given as six hundred threescore and six (666). The identity of the "mark of the beast" and of "666" has prompted countless speculations, and the passage becomes the subject of renewed controversy whenever a new technology appears.
John 1:14
[Bible Verses]John 1:14 declares that the Word, who existed from the beginning, was made flesh and dwelt among humanity. It is the most concise statement of the Christian doctrine of the Incarnation and provides a basis for confessing both the divinity and the humanity of Jesus.
John 10:10
[Bible Verses]John 10:10 is the verse in which Jesus, presenting himself as the door of the sheep and the good shepherd, says, "I am come that they might have life, and that they might have it more abundantly." Interpreters differ over the meaning of this "abundant life": some read it as spiritual life, while others extend it to blessing in every area of life.
John 14:6
[Bible Verses]John 14:6 is the verse in which Jesus says, "I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me." It is a principal text for the exclusivity of Christian salvation and the verse most often cited in debates over the relationship between salvation and other religions.
John 17:21
[Bible Verses]John 17:21 is a verse from the prayer Jesus offered to the Father before his arrest, in which he asks that those who believe "all may be one" so that the world may believe. It serves as a motto of the ecumenical movement, and debate has centered on whether this unity should be understood as spiritual or as visible and institutional.
Psalm 137:9
[Bible Verses]Psalm 137:9 is the final verse of Psalm 137, a lament over the Babylonian exile. It pronounces blessed the one who dashes the enemy's little ones against the rock. It is often counted among the most troubling verses in the Bible and is commonly cited as a representative example in discussions of how to read the so-called imprecatory psalms.
Psalm 139:13–14
[Bible Verses]A hymn of praise attributed to David, declaring that God formed him in his mother's womb. Cherished as a passage on the dignity of human life, it is frequently cited in debates over abortion and bioethics as support for the personhood of the unborn.
Isaiah 43:18–19
[Bible Verses]Isaiah 43:18–19 is God's declaration, "Remember ye not the former things… Behold, I will do a new thing," together with the promise to make a way in the wilderness and rivers in the desert. The passage is very frequently used as a motto for the new year and for new beginnings. The central interpretive question is what "the former things" and "a new thing" refer to.