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Retribution
[Doctrine & Theology]Retribution is the idea that good deeds bring good results and evil deeds bring bad results. The concept originated as a Buddhist term, and in Christianity it arises in discussions of the biblical teaching on divine recompense and of the problem of suffering.
New Creation
[Doctrine & Theology]New creation is the biblical teaching that God, through Christ, makes people new and will renew the whole of heaven and earth at the last day.
Four Horsemen
[Bible]The Four Horsemen are the four figures, riding a white horse, a red horse, a black horse, and a pale horse, who appear in succession in Revelation 6 as the Lamb opens the first four of the seven seals.
Massah
[Bible]Massah is the name given to the place at Rephidim where, after the Exodus, the Israelites quarreled with Moses over the lack of water and put the LORD to the test. It is named together with Meribah, and the name Massah means "testing."
Active Obedience
[Doctrine & Theology]Active obedience is a theological term for the obedience by which Jesus Christ perfectly kept the law of God throughout His entire life. It is used chiefly in Reformed accounts of justification, where it is paired with passive obedience, which refers to His suffering on the cross.
Reprobation
[Doctrine & Theology]Reprobation is the Reformed doctrine of predestination holding that God decreed from eternity not to choose certain people for salvation but to leave them in their sin. It is the counterpart of election.
Threefold Division of the Law
[Doctrine & Theology]The threefold division of the law is a theological framework that divides the Old Testament law into moral, ceremonial, and civil (judicial) law in order to explain which parts remain binding on Christians.
Sackcloth
[Bible]Sackcloth is a coarse fabric, or a garment made from it, that people in the Bible wrapped around their bodies or wore to express grief, repentance, and humility. It frequently appears together with putting ashes on the head and fasting.
Double Predestination
[Doctrine & Theology]Double predestination is the doctrine that God decreed from eternity to elect some people to salvation and to leave others to perdition. It is taught chiefly in the Calvinist tradition and is not accepted by denominations in the Wesleyan tradition.
Monastic Vows
[Organization & Polity]Monastic vows are the public promise, made before God by a person entering a religious community, to live according to the community's rule. They most commonly consist of three vows: poverty, chastity, and obedience.
Problem of Evil
[Doctrine & Theology]The problem of evil is the theological and philosophical question of why evil and suffering exist in the world if God is omnipotent and perfectly good.
The Floating Axe Head
[Bible]The floating axe head is a miracle recorded in 2 Kings 6:1-7, in which Elisha caused a borrowed iron axe head that had fallen into the Jordan River to float to the surface after he threw a stick into the water.
Cheap Grace
[Doctrine & Theology]Cheap grace is a term for grace that involves no repentance, obedience, or transformation of life. It became widely known through the German theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer, who contrasted it with "costly grace" in The Cost of Discipleship.
Mediator
[Doctrine & Theology]A mediator is one who stands between two estranged parties and restores the relationship between them. Protestants confess Jesus Christ as the one Mediator between God and humanity.
Biblical Theology
[Doctrine & Theology]Biblical theology is the theological discipline that sets out the theological content of Scripture by following the historical course in which the Bible was written and the context of each of its books. It is the counterpart of systematic theology, which organizes the teaching of Scripture by topic.
Fivefold Gospel
[Doctrine & Theology]The Fivefold Gospel is a summary of faith that presents five elements (regeneration, the fullness of the Holy Spirit, divine healing, blessing, and the Second Coming) as the core of the gospel given by Jesus Christ. Systematized by the Korean pastor David Yonggi Cho, it became the representative doctrine of Yoido Full Gospel Church and the Korea Assemblies of God.
Methods of Interpreting the Book of Revelation
[Doctrine & Theology]Methods of interpreting the Book of Revelation are approaches to determining which events, and in which era, the visions and symbols of Revelation refer to. The principal approaches are preterism, historicism, futurism, and idealism.
Savoy Declaration
[Doctrine & Theology]The Savoy Declaration is a confession of faith adopted in 1658 by leaders of the Congregational (Independent) churches at the Savoy Palace in London, England. It is based on the Westminster Confession of Faith but revises its treatment of church government to accord with Congregationalism.
Honoring Parents
[Christian Life]Honoring parents is the biblical teaching that children are to respect and serve their parents. It is set forth in one of the Ten Commandments. In Korean churches, it is practiced through observances such as Parents' Sunday and memorial services.
Filioque
[Doctrine & Theology]Filioque is a Latin term meaning "and from the Son." It is a phrase that the Western church added to the Nicene Creed, confessing that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son. It is one of the principal doctrinal issues dividing the Eastern and Western churches.