Proverbs 14: Edit history

Proverbs 14 belongs to the second collection in the Book of Proverbs, which opens at 10:1 under the heading "The proverbs of Solomon." As in Proverbs 13, most of its sayings use antithetical parallelism, in which two paired lines express contrasting ideas.

Outline

• Verses 1–7 The wise woman builds her house, but the foolish woman tears it down. The upright fear the LORD. Where there are oxen, the increase is abundant. The faithful witness is contrasted with the false witness, and the reader is told to leave the presence of a foolish man.
• Verses 8–14 Wisdom means understanding one's own way. A way that seems right to a man may end in death, and even in laughter the heart may be sorrowful. Each person is repaid according to his own ways.
• Verses 15–24 The prudent man watches his steps and departs from evil. These verses address the folly of the quick-tempered, how neighbors treat the poor, the blessing of showing mercy to the needy, and the contrast between labor and idle talk.
• Verses 25–27 A true witness delivers souls. The fear of the LORD is strong confidence and a fountain of life.
• Verses 28–35 These verses speak of the king and his people, the understanding of one who is slow to wrath, and a sound heart in contrast to envy. To oppress the poor is to reproach the One who made him. Righteousness exalts a nation, and a wise servant receives the king's favor.

Key Verses

• Proverbs 14:12 "There is a way which seemeth right unto a man, but the end thereof are the ways of death." This verse speaks to the limits of human judgment. The same saying appears again in verse 25 of Proverbs 16.
• Proverbs 14:31 "He that oppresseth the poor reproacheth his Maker." This verse binds one's treatment of the poor to one's attitude toward the Creator.
• Proverbs 14:34 "Righteousness exalteth a nation: but sin is a reproach to any people." This verse links the rise and fall of communities and nations to righteousness.

People and Places

No specific individuals or places are named. Instead, the chapter presents representative character types such as the wise woman and the foolish woman, witnesses, and the king and his servants. The heading of the collection bears the name of Solomon.

Points for Reflection

• Sayings that observe how the world works, such as verse 20 ("the rich hath many friends"), are generally read as descriptions of reality rather than as recommendations. Whether the proverbs should be understood as promises without exception or as general principles that usually hold true is a recurring question in reading wisdom literature.
• The phrase in verse 32, "the righteous hath hope in his death," follows the Masoretic Text. The Septuagint renders this part as trusting in one's own integrity (or piety). Interpreters therefore differ over whether the verse speaks of hope beyond death.
• Verse 31 is often read alongside the Parable of the Sheep and the Goats (Matthew 25), in which what is done to the least is regarded as done to Jesus. A similar idea appears in Proverbs 19:17.

In Korean Churches

In Korean Protestant churches, verse 34 is frequently cited at prayer meetings for the nation and in sermons for Liberation Day Commemoration Sunday. Verse 12 is often used in evangelistic preaching there to contrast human judgment with the way of God.