Ephesians 6:12: Edit history

Context

This verse belongs to the closing exhortation of Ephesians. In verse 10, Paul writes, "be strong in the Lord, and in the power of his might," and in verse 11 he urges readers to "put on the whole armour of God" so as to stand against the wiles of the devil. Verse 12 gives the reason for this command. Verses 13–17 then list, in order, the belt of truth, the breastplate of righteousness, feet shod with the gospel of peace, the shield of faith, the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God. Verse 18 continues: "Praying always with all prayer and supplication in the Spirit." Paul indicates that he wrote this letter while imprisoned (v. 20).

Interpretation

• As a struggle against spiritual beings: Most denominations hold that the verse presupposes the reality of Satan and evil spirits. Because the believer's adversary is not human, the verse is also read as a warning against treating people as enemies.
• As defensive armament: This reading notes that, apart from the sword of the Spirit, every item in verses 13–17 is defensive equipment, and that the recurring verbs are "stand" and "withstand." Spiritual warfare is therefore understood to consist chiefly in standing firm in truth, righteousness, and faith. This is the emphasis of the Reformed tradition and of many evangelicals.
• As including structural evil: Some scholars read "principalities" and "powers" more broadly, as referring not only to spiritual beings but also to unjust social institutions and structures of power.

Controversies and Issues

Some in Pentecostal and charismatic circles cite this verse as the basis for so-called "strategic-level spiritual warfare," which seeks to identify and bind evil spirits that rule over particular territories, and for "land-treading" prayer. Other denominations object that Scripture prescribes no such methods and that land-treading prayer conducted at the sites of other religions wounds adherents of neighboring faiths and provokes public controversy. The generational curse teaching, which attributes every problem to demons or ancestral sin, also appeals to this verse; major denominations regard it as unbiblical and caution against it.

In the Korean Church

The verse is frequently quoted in intercessory prayer meetings, at prayer retreat centers, and during special early-morning prayer services. Many Sunday school curricula teach the whole armor of God through illustrations and activities.

Related Passages

• Ephesians 6:10–18
• 1 Peter 5:8–9
• James 4:7
• 2 Corinthians 10:3–5