Revision #14809
Ephesians 6:12
Localized for English-speaking readers
Status: approved
Changes from the previous English revision
= ## Context
- This verse belongs to the closing exhortation of Ephesians. In verse 10, Paul writes, "be strong in the Lord, and in the power of his might," and in verse 11 he urges readers to "put on the whole armour of God" so as to stand against the wiles of the devil. Verse 12 gives the reason for this command. Verses 13–17 then list, in order, the belt of truth, the breastplate of righteousness, feet shod with the gospel of peace, the shield of faith, the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God. Verse 18 continues: "Praying always with all prayer and supplication in the Spirit." Paul indicates that he wrote this letter while imprisoned (v. 20).
+ This verse belongs to the closing exhortation of Ephesians. In verse 10, Paul writes, "be strong in the Lord, and in the power of his might," and in verse 11 he urges readers to "put on the whole armour of God" so that they may stand against the wiles of the devil. Verse 12 gives the reason for this command. Verses 13–17 then list, in order, the belt of truth, the breastplate of righteousness, feet shod with the gospel of peace, the shield of faith, the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God. Verse 18 continues: "Praying always with all prayer and supplication in the Spirit." Paul indicates that he wrote the letter while imprisoned (v. 20).
=
= ## Interpretation
= - **As a struggle against spiritual beings**: Most denominations hold that the verse presupposes the reality of Satan and evil spirits. Because the believer's adversary is not human, the verse is also read as a warning against treating people as enemies.
- - **As defensive armament**: This reading notes that, apart from the sword of the Spirit, every item in verses 13–17 is defensive equipment, and that the recurring verbs are "stand" and "withstand." Spiritual warfare is therefore understood to consist chiefly in standing firm in truth, righteousness, and faith. This is the emphasis of the Reformed tradition and of many evangelicals.
+ - **As defensive armament**: This reading observes that, apart from the sword of the Spirit, every item in verses 13–17 is defensive equipment, and that the recurring verbs are "stand" and "withstand." Spiritual warfare is therefore understood to consist chiefly in standing firm in truth, righteousness, and faith. This is the emphasis of the Reformed tradition and of many evangelicals.
= - **As including structural evil**: Some scholars read "principalities" and "powers" more broadly, as referring not only to spiritual beings but also to unjust social institutions and structures of power.
=
= ## Controversies and Issues
- Some in Pentecostal and charismatic circles cite this verse as the basis for so-called "strategic-level spiritual warfare," which seeks to identify and bind evil spirits that rule over particular territories, and for "land-treading" prayer. Other denominations object that Scripture prescribes no such methods and that land-treading prayer conducted at the sites of other religions wounds adherents of neighboring faiths and provokes public controversy. The generational curse teaching, which attributes every problem to demons or ancestral sin, also appeals to this verse; major denominations regard it as unbiblical and caution against it.
+ Some in Pentecostal and charismatic circles cite this verse as the basis for so-called "strategic-level spiritual warfare," which seeks to identify and bind evil spirits believed to rule over particular territories, and for "land-treading" prayer. Other denominations object that Scripture prescribes no such methods and that land-treading prayer conducted at the sites of other religions wounds adherents of neighboring faiths and provokes public controversy. The generational curse teaching, which attributes every problem to demons or ancestral sin, also appeals to this verse; major denominations regard it as unbiblical and caution against it.
=
- ## In the Korean Church
- The verse is frequently quoted in intercessory prayer meetings, at prayer retreat centers, and during special early-morning prayer services. Many Sunday school curricula teach the whole armor of God through illustrations and activities.
+ ## In Korean Churches
+ In Korean Protestant churches, the verse is frequently quoted in intercessory prayer meetings, at prayer retreat centers, and during special early-morning prayer services. Many Sunday school curricula teach the whole armor of God through illustrations and activities.
=
= ## Related Passages
…
"For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places." This is a key verse on spiritual warfare, and denominations differ considerably over how it should be put into practice.
Ephesians 6:12 declares, "For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places" (KJV). It is a key verse on spiritual warfare, and denominations differ considerably over how it should be put into practice.
Full revision
Ephesians 6:12 declares, "For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places" (KJV). It is a key verse on spiritual warfare, and denominations differ considerably over how it should be put into practice.
Context
This verse belongs to the closing exhortation of Ephesians. In verse 10, Paul writes, "be strong in the Lord, and in the power of his might," and in verse 11 he urges readers to "put on the whole armour of God" so that they may stand against the wiles of the devil. Verse 12 gives the reason for this command. Verses 13–17 then list, in order, the belt of truth, the breastplate of righteousness, feet shod with the gospel of peace, the shield of faith, the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God. Verse 18 continues: "Praying always with all prayer and supplication in the Spirit." Paul indicates that he wrote the letter while imprisoned (v. 20).
Interpretation
- As a struggle against spiritual beings: Most denominations hold that the verse presupposes the reality of Satan and evil spirits. Because the believer's adversary is not human, the verse is also read as a warning against treating people as enemies.
- As defensive armament: This reading observes that, apart from the sword of the Spirit, every item in verses 13–17 is defensive equipment, and that the recurring verbs are "stand" and "withstand." Spiritual warfare is therefore understood to consist chiefly in standing firm in truth, righteousness, and faith. This is the emphasis of the Reformed tradition and of many evangelicals.
- As including structural evil: Some scholars read "principalities" and "powers" more broadly, as referring not only to spiritual beings but also to unjust social institutions and structures of power.
Controversies and Issues
Some in Pentecostal and charismatic circles cite this verse as the basis for so-called "strategic-level spiritual warfare," which seeks to identify and bind evil spirits believed to rule over particular territories, and for "land-treading" prayer. Other denominations object that Scripture prescribes no such methods and that land-treading prayer conducted at the sites of other religions wounds adherents of neighboring faiths and provokes public controversy. The generational curse teaching, which attributes every problem to demons or ancestral sin, also appeals to this verse; major denominations regard it as unbiblical and caution against it.
In Korean Churches
In Korean Protestant churches, the verse is frequently quoted in intercessory prayer meetings, at prayer retreat centers, and during special early-morning prayer services. Many Sunday school curricula teach the whole armor of God through illustrations and activities.
Related Passages
- Ephesians 6:10–18
- 1 Peter 5:8–9
- James 4:7
- 2 Corinthians 10:3–5