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Events and movements from the early church to the Korean church · Articles: 259

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Abolitionist MovementThe abolitionist movement was a social movement of the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that sought to end the slave trade and slavery by law…
Aldersgate ExperienceThe Aldersgate experience was a religious experience of John Wesley on May 24, 1738, when, at a society meeting on Aldersgate Street in London, he fe…
Alexandrian SchoolThe Alexandrian School was a theological tradition of the early church centered in Alexandria, Egypt, from the second to the fifth century. It is kno…
Amarna LettersThe Amarna Letters are a collection of clay-tablet correspondence discovered in 1887 at Tell el-Amarna in Egypt. Written in cuneiform, they were exch…
AntipopeAn antipope is a person who claims to be pope, or who has been set up as pope with the backing of a particular faction, in opposition to the Roman po…
AntisemitismAntisemitism is hostility toward and discrimination against Jews as an ethnic and religious group. In Christian history, the charge that "the Jews ki…
Apostolic AgeThe Apostolic Age is the period of first-century Christianity during which the apostles led the church after the ascension of Jesus Christ. It is usu…
Apostolic FathersThe Apostolic Fathers are the church leaders who were active close to the time of the apostles, from the late first century to the mid-second century…
Armenian GenocideThe Armenian Genocide refers to the forced deportation and mass killing of Armenians by the government of the Ottoman Empire beginning around 1915, d…
AugustiniansThe Augustinians are a Catholic mendicant order that follows the monastic Rule of Augustine, Bishop of Hippo. The order was formed in 1256, when seve…
Avignon PapacyThe Avignon Papacy refers to the period from 1309 to 1377 during which the popes and the papal Curia left Rome and resided in Avignon, a city in what…
Azusa Street RevivalThe Azusa Street Revival was a series of revival meetings led by the Black preacher William J. Seymour at 312 Azusa Street in Los Angeles, beginning …

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Bar Kokhba RevoltThe Bar Kokhba Revolt was the last major uprising of the Jews of Judea against the Roman Empire, lasting from 132 to about 135. Its leader, Simon, wa…
Battle of QarqarThe Battle of Qarqar was fought in 853 BC at Qarqar, near the Orontes River in Syria, between the Assyrian king Shalmaneser III and a coalition of tw…
Battle of the Milvian BridgeThe Battle of the Milvian Bridge was fought on October 28, 312, near the Milvian Bridge over the Tiber River outside Rome, where Constantine defeated…
BeguinesThe Beguines were a medieval women's religious movement that began in the late twelfth century in the region of Liège, in present-day Belgium. Women …
Biblical ArchaeologyBiblical archaeology is a field of study that excavates and examines sites and artifacts from the lands and periods described in the Bible in order t…
Black ObeliskThe Black Obelisk is a black limestone monument recording the military campaigns of the ancient Assyrian king Shalmaneser III and the tribute he rece…
Byeongin PersecutionThe Byeongin Persecution (丙寅迫害) was the mass arrest and execution of Catholics and French missionaries carried out by the Joseon court beginning …
Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine Empire is the name later given to the Eastern Roman Empire, which had Constantinople as its capital and endured until 1453. The early e…

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COVID-19 and the ChurchCOVID-19 and the Church covers the experience of Korean churches during the COVID-19 pandemic that began in 2020. Its principal topics are cluster ou…
Calvin's GenevaCalvin's Geneva refers to the period of the Reformation in Geneva from 1536 to 1564, during which John Calvin was active in the city. During this per…
Cambridge SevenThe Cambridge Seven were seven young British men who went to China in 1885 as missionaries with the China Inland Mission, founded by Hudson Taylor. S…
Cappadocian FathersA collective name for three fourth-century theologians from Cappadocia in Asia Minor: Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nyssa, and Gregory of Nazianzus. …
CarmelitesThe Carmelites are a Catholic religious order that originated in a community of hermits on Mount Carmel in the twelfth century. The order centers on …
Carthusian OrderThe Carthusian Order is an enclosed Catholic religious order founded in 1084 by Bruno of Cologne in the Chartreuse Mountains of the French Alps. It i…
CatacombsThe catacombs are underground cemeteries used in ancient Rome and elsewhere by early Christians, Jews, and others. Widely known as a symbol of faith …
CatharsThe Cathars were a dualist Christian sect that spread through southern France and northern Italy in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. They are al…
Cell ChurchThe cell church is a model of ministry that views the church as a network of small groups (cells) that grow and multiply on their own. It is also the…
Centennial of Protestant Missions in KoreaThe centennial of Protestant missions in Korea was a series of commemorative projects and events held in 1984 to mark one hundred years of Protestant…
Chosen Christian CollegeChosen Christian College (Yonhi College; 延禧專門學校) was a private Christian college founded in Seoul in 1915 jointly by Presbyterian and Methodist…
Christian Population of South KoreaThe Christian population of South Korea is the number of people in South Korea who identify as Protestant or Catholic. Statistics Korea's Population …
Christian SchoolA Christian school is a private school founded by a Christian body, such as a Protestant or Catholic organization, for the purposes of mission and ed…
Christmas SealsChristmas seals are stamp-like labels issued and sold around Christmastime to raise funds for the fight against tuberculosis. In Korea, they were fir…
Church FathersThe Church Fathers are the leaders and theologians of the early church who, from the late first century to around the eighth century, helped establis…
Church Growth MovementThe Church Growth Movement originated in the 1950s with the missionary Donald McGavran. A current within evangelical missiology, it sought to study t…
Church Growth in KoreaThe rapid increase in the number of Protestant church members and churches in South Korea during the industrialization and urbanization of the 1960s …
Church HistoryChurch history is the history of the church, or the academic discipline that studies that history. Eusebius's fourth-century Ecclesiastical History i…
Church in RomeThe church in Rome was the Christian community in Rome, the capital of the Roman Empire, during the first century. It was the church to which the apo…
Church of AntiochThe church of Antioch was an early church founded in the first century in Antioch, a major city of Syria. It was there that believers were first call…
Church of the Holy SepulchreThe Church of the Holy Sepulchre is a church in the Old City of Jerusalem, built on the site traditionally identified as Golgotha, where Jesus was cr…
CisterciansThe Cistercians are a Catholic religious order founded in 1098 at Cîteaux, France. The order arose from a monastic reform movement that sought to obs…
Cluniac ReformsThe Cluniac Reforms were a monastic renewal movement that spread across Western Europe in the tenth and eleventh centuries, centered on the Abbey of …
Colonialism and MissionsColonialism and missions refers to the historical relationship in which European overseas expansion and Christian missionary work became intertwined …
Confessing ChurchThe Confessing Church was a church movement of German Protestant pastors and church members who resisted the Nazi state's attempt to take control of …
ConstantinopleConstantinople, present-day Istanbul in Türkiye, was the city that Constantine the Great dedicated in 330 as the new capital of the Roman Empire. It …
Contemporary Persecution of ChristiansThe contemporary persecution of Christians refers collectively to the violence, discrimination, and legal and social disadvantages that Christians in…
Council of ArlesThe Council of Arles was a meeting of bishops of the Western church, convened by Emperor Constantine in 314 at Arles in Gaul. It examined the Donatis…
Council of ChalcedonThe Council of Chalcedon was a church council convened in 451 by the Eastern Roman emperor Marcian. It adopted the Chalcedonian Definition, which con…
Council of EphesusThe Council of Ephesus was a church council held in 431 at Ephesus in Asia Minor. It was convened to address the relationship between the divinity an…
Council of LaodiceaThe Council of Laodicea was a regional church synod held in the late fourth century at Laodicea in Asia Minor. It produced fifty-nine or sixty canons…
Council of NicaeaThe First Council of Nicaea was the first ecumenical council, convened at Nicaea in 325 by the Roman emperor Constantine I. It adopted a creed confes…
Council of TrentThe Council of Trent was a council of the Roman Catholic Church held from 1545 to 1563 in Trent (Trento) in northern Italy. In response to the Reform…
Counter-ReformationThe Counter-Reformation was the movement of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in which the Roman Catholic Church responded to the Protestant Re…
CrusadesThe Crusades were a series of military expeditions undertaken by Catholic Western Europe from the late eleventh to the late thirteenth century at the…
Cyril and MethodiusCyril and Methodius were ninth-century missionary brothers from Thessalonica in the Byzantine Empire. They introduced worship in the Slavic language …
Cyrus CylinderThe Cyrus Cylinder is a clay cylinder inscribed in cuneiform, made after the Persian king Cyrus II conquered Babylon in 539 BC. Because it justifies …

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Decian PersecutionThe Decian persecution was a persecution of Christians that began when the Roman emperor Decius, in late 249 or early 250, ordered all inhabitants of…
Desert FathersThe Desert Fathers were Christian hermits who withdrew into the deserts of Egypt, Palestine, and Syria from roughly the third to the fifth century to…
Destruction of Jerusalem (AD 70)The destruction of Jerusalem (AD 70) was the capture of Jerusalem and the burning of the Second Temple by the Roman army under Titus during the First…
DidacheThe Didache, meaning "the Teaching (of the Twelve Apostles)," is an early church document generally thought to have been written in the late first or…
Diet of SpeyerThe Diet of Speyer was an imperial diet of the Holy Roman Empire held in Speyer, Germany, during the Reformation. The name "Protestant" originated in…
Diet of WormsThe Diet of Worms was an imperial diet convened in 1521 by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in Worms, Germany. At this assembly Martin Luther refused the…
Diocletianic PersecutionThe Diocletianic Persecution, also called the Great Persecution, was the last large-scale persecution of Christians by the Roman Empire, lasting from…
Discipleship Training MovementThe discipleship training movement seeks to train laypeople as disciples of Jesus Christ so that they share in the ministry of the church. In Korea i…
Dominican OrderThe Dominican Order is a Catholic religious order founded by the Spanish priest Dominic and approved by Pope Honorius III in 1216. Its official name …
Donation of ConstantineThe Donation of Constantine is a forged document purporting to record that the fourth-century Roman emperor Constantine I transferred authority over …
DonatismA schismatic church movement that arose in North Africa in the early fourth century. Holding that sacraments administered by clergy who had abandoned…
Donatist ControversyA schism and controversy in the North African church of the early fourth century over whether sacraments administered by clergy who had renounced the…

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Early ChurchThe early church refers to the church in its first period, which arose around the apostles after the resurrection of Jesus. The term commonly designa…
Easter ControversyThe Easter controversy is a dispute within the church, dating back to the second century, over when Easter should be observed. The term encompasses t…
East–West SchismThe East–West Schism was the division between the Western Church (Roman Catholic) and the Eastern Church (Orthodox). Its starting point is commonly d…
Ecumenical CouncilsThe ecumenical councils were assemblies of bishops representing the whole Church that decided matters of doctrine and church discipline. The seven co…
Ecumenical MovementThe ecumenical movement (also called the church unity movement) is an effort by Christian churches divided into many denominations to cooperate and s…
Edict of MilanThe Edict of Milan was a policy of religious toleration agreed upon and promulgated in 313 by the Roman emperors Constantine I and Licinius. It recog…
Edict of NantesThe Edict of Nantes was a decree issued in 1598 by King Henry IV of France. While maintaining Catholicism as the state religion, it granted limited r…
Edict of ThessalonicaThe Edict of Thessalonica was an edict issued in 380 by the Roman emperor Theodosius I together with his co-emperors. It established the Trinitarian …
Edinburgh Missionary ConferenceThe Edinburgh Missionary Conference was a meeting of representatives of Protestant missionary societies held in Edinburgh, Scotland, from June 14 to …
Emerging ChurchThe emerging church was a church-renewal movement that arose in the Western evangelical world, particularly in the United States, from the late 1990s…
English ReformationThe English Reformation was a series of sixteenth-century reforms, spanning the reigns of Henry VIII through Elizabeth I, through which the church in…
Epic of GilgameshThe Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic poem recounting the quest of Gilgamesh, a king of ancient Mesopotamia, for eternal life. Because its flood story res…
Epistle of BarnabasThe Epistle of Barnabas is an early Christian writing composed in Greek between the late first and early second centuries. It interprets the laws and…
Establishment of the State of IsraelThe proclamation of the State of Israel by Jewish leaders on May 14, 1948, as the British Mandate for Palestine was coming to an end. The event is fr…
Ewha HaktangEwha Haktang was the first modern educational institution for women in Korea, founded in 1886 in Jeongdong, Seoul, by Mary F. Scranton, a missionary …
ExcommunicationExcommunication is a penalty by which the church cuts off a believer from its fellowship and from participation in the sacraments because of grave si…
Explo '74Explo '74 was a large-scale evangelism training rally held by Korea Campus Crusade for Christ (CCC) from August 13 to 18, 1974, at May 16 Plaza (now …

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First Council of ConstantinopleA church council convened in 381 by the Eastern Roman emperor Theodosius I at Constantinople (present-day Istanbul, Türkiye). It affirmed the divinit…
First Vatican CouncilThe First Vatican Council was a council of the Catholic Church convened by Pope Pius IX at the Vatican in Rome in 1869–1870. It is best known for def…
Fourth Lateran CouncilThe largest council of the Middle Ages, convened by Pope Innocent III in 1215 at the Lateran Basilica in Rome. It enacted seventy-one canons, includi…
FranciscansThe Franciscans are a Catholic mendicant order (an order whose members live without property, preaching and begging for their food), founded in 1209 …
Fundamentalist–Modernist ControversyA theological controversy of the 1920s and 1930s within mainline Protestant denominations in the United States, such as the Northern Presbyterian and…

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Galileo AffairThe Galileo affair was the episode in which the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei, after defending heliocentrism, was convicted by the Inquisition o…
Garden TombThe Garden Tomb is a rock-cut tomb and garden north of the Damascus Gate in the Old City of Jerusalem. It became known in the nineteenth century when…
German Church StruggleThe German Church Struggle refers to the conflicts experienced by the churches in Germany during the Nazi era (1933–1945). In the narrower sense, it …
German Peasants' WarThe German Peasants' War was a large-scale uprising from 1524 to 1525 in the German-speaking regions of the Holy Roman Empire, in which peasants and …
Gihae PersecutionThe Gihae Persecution was a suppression of Catholicism that took place in 1839 (the gihae year), the fifth year of the reign of King Heonjong of Jose…
Gospel of ThomasThe Gospel of Thomas is an ancient document containing a collection of 114 sayings of Jesus. Its complete text in Coptic was discovered in 1945 at Na…
Gospel of the HebrewsThe Gospel of the Hebrews is a gospel said to have been read among Christians of Jewish origin around the second century. No copy survives. It is a N…
Great AwakeningThe Great Awakening was a Protestant revival movement that arose in the British North American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s, centered on figures s…
Great DisappointmentThe Great Disappointment was the collective disappointment experienced by members of the Millerite movement in the United States, who believed that J…
Great Fire of RomeThe Great Fire of Rome was a fire that destroyed a large part of the city of Rome in July AD 64, during the reign of the emperor Nero. It holds an im…
Great Pyongyang RevivalThe Great Pyongyang Revival was a movement of repentance and spiritual awakening that began in January 1907 at the winter Bible study conference for …

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HabiruHabiru is a term found in ancient Near Eastern documents of the second millennium BC for groups of wanderers, mercenaries, and outlaws. Because the n…
Hagia SophiaHagia Sophia is a building in Istanbul, Türkiye (formerly Constantinople). Dedicated in 537 as the cathedral of the Eastern Roman Empire, it became a…
Hampton Court ConferenceThe Hampton Court Conference was a meeting held in January 1604 at Hampton Court Palace, where King James I of England summoned bishops of the Church…
Hasmonean DynastyThe Hasmonean dynasty was a Jewish priestly dynasty that ruled Judea following the Maccabean Revolt of the second century BC. It came to an end when …
Hebrides RevivalThe Hebrides Revival was a religious revival that took place from 1949 to about 1952 on the islands of Lewis and Harris in the Hebrides, off the nort…
HellenismHellenism refers both to the spread of Greek language and culture throughout the eastern Mediterranean and western Asia after the eastern campaigns o…
History of Christianity in ChinaThe history of Christianity in China extends from the arrival of the Church of the East under the Tang dynasty in the seventh century, through the Ca…
History of Korean Church MissionsThe history of Korean church missions is the history of Korean Protestantism sending missionaries to other regions of Korea and abroad. Its starting …
History of Korean HymnalsKorean Protestant hymnody began with the Methodist hymnal Chanmiga in 1892. Through successive unions and divisions among the denominations, it devel…
History of Methodism in KoreaThe history of Methodism in Korea began in 1884, when the American Methodist missionary Robert Maclay received permission from King Gojong to begin m…
History of Protestantism in KoreaThe history of Protestantism in Korea extends from the arrival of American missionaries in 1884–1885 to the present day. It encompasses the arrival o…
History of The Salvation Army in KoreaThe history of The Salvation Army in Korea dates from 1908, when the British officer Robert Hoggard (Korean name Heo Ga-du) arrived in Seoul. Alongsi…
History of the Anglican Church in KoreaThe history of the Anglican Church in Korea began in 1890, when Bishop Charles John Corfe (Korean name Go Yo-han) of the Church of England arrived at…
History of the Baptists in KoreaThe history of the Baptists in Korea traces the Korean Baptist church from its beginnings in 1889 with the work of Malcolm Fenwick, an independent Ca…
History of the Catholic Church in KoreaThe history of the Catholic Church in Korea traces the Korean Catholic Church from 1784, when Yi Seung-hun returned from Beijing after being baptized…
History of the Korean Holiness ChurchThe history of the Korean Holiness Church began in 1907, when Kim Sang-jun and Jeong Bin opened the "Oriental Missionary Society Gospel Mission Hall"…
History of the Pentecostal Movement in KoreaThe history of the Pentecostal movement in Korea traces how Pentecostal faith, with its emphasis on speaking in tongues and divine healing, took root…
History of the Russian Orthodox ChurchThe history of the Russian Orthodox Church is the history of a branch of Eastern Orthodoxy that began around 988, when Vladimir I of Kievan Rus' acce…
Holiness MovementA religious movement that arose within nineteenth-century American Methodism. Reviving John Wesley's doctrine of "Christian perfection," it taught th…
HuguenotsHuguenot was the name given to French Calvinist Protestants from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century. Their history is known as one of persecutio…
HussitesThe Hussites were the followers of Jan Hus, the Bohemian reformer burned at the stake in 1415, and the movement they formed. In fifteenth-century Boh…

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IchthysIchthys is the Greek word for "fish" and also the name of a fish-shaped symbol that early Christians used to express their faith. It remains in wide …
Iconoclastic ControversyThe Iconoclastic Controversy was a theological and political dispute in the Byzantine Empire during the eighth and ninth centuries over whether it wa…
Imperial CultThe imperial cult was the practice in the ancient Roman Empire of honoring the emperor, whether living or deceased, as a god and offering sacrifices …
Independent Presbytery of KoreaThe Independent Presbytery (Dongnohoe) was the first presbytery of the Korean Presbyterian Church. It was organized on September 17, 1907, at Jangdae…
Indigenization TheologyIndigenization theology is a theological movement that seeks to interpret the gospel within Korea's religious and cultural traditions. It was advance…
IndulgenceAn indulgence was a certificate issued by the medieval Western Church that purported to remit the punishment due for sins already forgiven. Abuses in…
Industrial MissionIndustrial Mission refers to the missionary work that Korean Protestants carried out among factory workers beginning in the late 1950s. It began as e…
Infancy Gospel of ThomasThe Infancy Gospel of Thomas is an early Christian apocryphal work that collects miracle stories from the childhood of Jesus between the ages of five…
InquisitionThe Inquisition, also called the examination of heretics, was a system through which the Roman Catholic Church, from the Middle Ages onward, sought o…
Investiture ControversyThe Investiture Controversy was a conflict in eleventh- and twelfth-century Western Europe between the Roman popes and secular rulers, especially the…

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Jeam-ri IncidentThe Jeam-ri Incident was a massacre that took place on April 15, 1919, in Jeam-ri, Hyangnam-myeon, Suwon County, Gyeonggi Province (present-day Hyang…
Jesus MovementThe Jesus Movement was an evangelical youth movement that arose among young hippies on the West Coast of the United States in the late 1960s and 1970…
Jewish–Roman WarsThe Jewish–Roman Wars were the revolts launched in the first and second centuries by Jews living under Roman rule, together with the Roman campaigns …
JingjiaoJingjiao (景敎, "the Luminous Religion") was the Chinese name for the Christianity that entered China during the Tang dynasty. It was introduced in 6…
Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of JustificationThe Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification is a document signed on October 31, 1999, by the Lutheran World Federation and the Roman Catho…
JudaismJudaism is the religion of the Jewish people. Rooted in the faith of ancient Israel, it worships the one God according to the Hebrew Bible and rabbin…

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Keswick ConventionThe Keswick Convention is an annual interdenominational Bible convention that began in 1875 in Keswick, a small town in northwest England. It became …
Korean Bible TranslationKorean Bible translation is the history of rendering the Bible into Korean, a work that began in Manchuria and Japan in the late nineteenth century. …
Korean National Christian CouncilThe Korean National Christian Council (Joseon Yesugyo Yeonhap Gonguihoe) was a Protestant cooperative body organized in September 1924 at Saemoonan C…

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Leipzig DebateThe Leipzig Debate was a public theological disputation held in the summer of 1519 in Leipzig, Germany, between Johann Eck, professor of theology at …
Letter of AristeasThe Letter of Aristeas is an ancient Jewish writing that, presented as the work of a courtier of the Egyptian king, recounts how the Pentateuch was t…
LollardsThe Lollards were a religious movement in late fourteenth-century England, or the adherents of that movement, who followed the teachings of John Wycl…
Lost Ten TribesThe term refers to the ten northern tribes that disappeared from the historical record after being carried into exile when the northern Kingdom of Is…

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Maccabean RevoltThe Maccabean Revolt was a Jewish uprising begun in 167 BC by the priest Mattathias and his sons after Antiochus IV of the Seleucid dynasty outlawed …
Madaba MapThe Madaba Map is a sixth-century Byzantine mosaic map preserved in the floor of the Church of Saint George in Madaba, Jordan. It is known as the old…
Marburg ColloquyThe Marburg Colloquy was a theological disputation convened by Philip I of Hesse at Marburg Castle in October 1529. Luther and Zwingli met in an effo…
MasadaMasada is an ancient fortress on a rocky plateau in the Judean Desert west of the Dead Sea. Near the end of the First Jewish–Roman War, Jewish rebels…
Mayflower CompactThe Mayflower Compact was an agreement for self-government signed by forty-one adult male passengers in November 1620, after the Mayflower reached Ca…
Medieval ChurchThe medieval church refers to the Western European church, centered on the pope in Rome, from about the fifth century to about the fifteenth century.…
MegachurchA megachurch is a large Protestant church with an average Sunday worship attendance of 2,000 or more. In South Korea, megachurches multiplied rapidly…
Mendicant OrdersThe mendicant orders are a type of Catholic religious order that arose in thirteenth-century Western Europe. The term refers to orders such as the Fr…
Mesha SteleThe Mesha Stele is a basalt monument erected in the mid-ninth century BC by Mesha, king of Moab, to commemorate his victory over Israel. It is known …
Methodist MovementThe Methodist movement was an eighteenth-century religious revival in England led by the brothers John and Charles Wesley, priests of the Church of E…
Millerite MovementThe Millerite movement was an interdenominational end-times movement in the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century. It arose a…
Million Souls MovementThe Million Souls Movement was a nationwide evangelistic campaign that Korean Protestants conducted jointly across denominational lines from 1909 to …
Missional ChurchThe missional church is an ecclesiology, and a movement grounded in it, that regards the church as a community sent into the world and understands mi…
Missionary Sending by the Korean ChurchMissionary sending by the Korean church refers to the history of Korean Protestant churches and mission organizations sending missionaries to other r…
MonasteryA monastery is a community of people who withdraw from the world to cultivate their faith through prayer, labor, and ascetic discipline, or the dwell…
MonasticismMonasticism is the movement, beginning in the deserts of Egypt and Syria in the third and fourth centuries, through which a life of prayer, labor, an…
Münster RebellionThe Münster Rebellion took place in 1534–1535 in Münster, a city in the northwestern Holy Roman Empire. Anabaptists who believed the end of the world…

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NabataeaNabataea was a kingdom of an Arab people in southern Jordan and northwestern Arabia from around the fourth century BC until AD 106. Its capital was P…
Nabonidus CylinderThe Nabonidus Cylinder is a cuneiform clay cylinder inscription left by Nabonidus, the last king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. The cylinder from Ur b…
Nag Hammadi LibraryThe Nag Hammadi library is a collection of Coptic manuscripts from around the fourth century, discovered in 1945 near Nag Hammadi, Egypt. Containing …
Neo-Babylonian EmpireThe Neo-Babylonian Empire was a Mesopotamian state founded by Nabopolassar in 626 BC and conquered by Cyrus of Persia in 539 BC. In the Bible it appe…
Neo-evangelicalismNeo-evangelicalism was a Protestant movement that arose in the United States in the 1940s. It sought to preserve the conservative theology of fundame…
Nevius Mission PolicyThe Nevius Mission Policy was a mission policy adopted by the Presbyterian missions in Korea in the early 1890s, based on methods proposed by John Ne…
Ninety-five ThesesThe Ninety-five Theses are ninety-five Latin propositions issued by Martin Luther on October 31, 1517, criticizing the sale of indulgences. They are …
NonconformistsNonconformists (also called Dissenters) were Protestants who, from the seventeenth century onward, did not conform to the worship and institutions of…

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Oxyrhynchus PapyriThe Oxyrhynchus Papyri are a large body of papyrus documents excavated from the late nineteenth century onward from the rubbish mounds of the ancient…

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'80 World Evangelization CrusadeThe '80 World Evangelization Crusade was a large interdenominational evangelistic gathering held August 12–15, 1980, at May 16 Plaza on Yeouido in Se…
105-Man IncidentThe 105-Man Incident was a 1911 case in which the Japanese Government-General of Korea fabricated a plot to assassinate Governor-General Terauchi and…
1973 Billy Graham Crusade in KoreaA large-scale united evangelistic campaign held at Yeouido Plaza in Seoul from May 30 to June 3, 1973, at which the American evangelist Billy Graham …
1977 National Evangelization CrusadeThe 1977 National Evangelization Crusade was an interdenominational Protestant mass evangelistic rally held in the summer of 1977 at Yeouido Plaza in…
프톨레마이오스 왕조알렉산드로스 대왕이 죽은 뒤 그의 장군 프톨레마이오스 1세가 이집트에 세운 그리스계 왕조(기원전 305년 무렵~기원전 30년)이다. 한때 유대 땅을 다스렸고, …

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Paichai HaktangPaichai Haktang was a private secondary school founded in 1885 in Jeong-dong, Seoul, by Henry Appenzeller, a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Ch…
Papal StatesThe Papal States were the territories in central Italy that the pope ruled directly as a temporal sovereign from 756 to 1870. They are regarded as th…
Pax RomanaThe Pax Romana (Latin for "Roman Peace") refers to the roughly two hundred years, from the accession of Augustus (the "Caesar Augustus" of the Bible)…
Peace of AugsburgThe Peace of Augsburg was a religious settlement proclaimed on September 25, 1555, at the Imperial Diet of Augsburg in the Holy Roman Empire. By allo…
Peace of WestphaliaThe Peace of Westphalia is the collective name for a series of peace treaties concluded in 1648 at Münster and Osnabrück in the region of Westphalia.…
PersecutionPersecution refers to the oppression, punishment, and violence inflicted on Christians and the church by states or social groups because of their fai…
Persecution of Catholics in JoseonThe persecution of Catholics in Joseon was a series of events from the late eighteenth to the late nineteenth century in which the Joseon court execu…
Persecution of Christians in the Roman EmpireThe persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire refers to the punishment of Christians by Roman authorities, and their efforts to compel Christians…
PietismPietism was a movement of spiritual renewal that arose within the German Lutheran Church in the late seventeenth century. It emphasized personal piet…
Presbyterian Church of ChosenThe Presbyterian Church of Chosen was the first General Assembly of Korean Presbyterianism, organized in Pyongyang in September 1912 by seven presbyt…
Protoevangelium of JamesThe Protoevangelium of James is a New Testament apocryphal work that appears to have been written in Greek around the second century. It recounts the…
ProzbulThe prozbul is a Jewish legal institution devised by Hillel. Because the sabbatical-year law canceling debts every seven years had made people reluct…
Puritan RevolutionThe Puritan Revolution refers to the civil wars fought in England from 1642 to 1651 between the Royalists of Charles I and the Parliamentarians, whos…
PuritansThe Puritans were Protestants active in England in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Regarding the reformation of the established church (the …

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Qumran CommunityThe Qumran community was a Jewish sectarian group that lived at Qumran, northwest of the Dead Sea, from about the second century BC to the middle of …

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Rabbinic JudaismRabbinic Judaism is the form of Judaism that was reconstituted after the destruction of the Jerusalem Temple in AD 70, centered on the study of the L…
Radical ReformationThe Radical Reformation is a collective term for the various movements of the sixteenth-century Reformation that called for a more thoroughgoing refo…
ReformationThe Reformation was a sixteenth-century reform movement in Western Europe that sought to correct the teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Ch…
Released Prisoner SaintsThe Released Prisoner Saints (Korean: chulok seongdo) were Protestant believers who had been imprisoned for refusing Shinto shrine worship during the…
Religious Persecution in the Soviet UnionReligious persecution in the Soviet Union refers to the suppression of churches and believers by the Soviet regime after the Russian Revolution of 19…
RemonstrantsThe Remonstrants were the Arminian ministers of the Dutch Reformed Church who in 1610 submitted a five-article Remonstrance challenging the Calvinist…
Roman EmpireThe Roman Empire was a state that ruled the Mediterranean world, beginning with the accession of Augustus in 27 BC. It forms the historical backgroun…
Rule of Saint BenedictThe Rule of Saint Benedict is a rule for monastic life written in the sixth century by Benedict of Nursia at the monastery of Monte Cassino. It addre…

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Salvation Army Red KettleThe Salvation Army Red Kettle is a year-end street fundraising campaign conducted by the Salvation Army, a Protestant denomination. It began in San F…
Schisms in the Korean Presbyterian ChurchThe schisms in the Korean Presbyterian Church were the divisions of the once-unified Presbyterian Church in Korea during the 1950s into the Kosin, Ki…
ScholasticismScholasticism was a method of learning that developed in the schools and universities of Western Europe from around the eleventh century to the end o…
Scopes TrialThe Scopes Trial was a 1925 case in Dayton, Tennessee, in which high school teacher John T. Scopes was tried for violating a state law (the Butler Ac…
Scottish ReformationThe Scottish Reformation was the mid-sixteenth-century transformation in which Scotland left the Roman Catholic Church and adopted a Calvinist Protes…
Second Council of ConstantinopleA council convened in Constantinople in 553 by the Eastern Roman emperor Justinian I. It condemned the so-called "Three Chapters" and reaffirmed the …
Second Council of NicaeaThe Second Council of Nicaea was a council held in 787 at Nicaea in the Eastern Roman Empire. During the iconoclast controversy, it reaffirmed the ve…
Second Great AwakeningThe Second Great Awakening was a Protestant revival movement that spread across the United States from the late 1790s to about the 1830s, shortly aft…
Second Vatican CouncilA council of the Catholic Church held at the Vatican in Rome from 1962 to 1965. Under the banner of church renewal and dialogue with the modern world…
Seleucid DynastyThe Seleucid dynasty was a Hellenistic dynasty founded by Seleucus I, one of Alexander the Great's generals, after Alexander's death. It ruled Syria …
Severance HospitalSeverance Hospital traces its origins to Jejungwon, a hospital established in 1885 by the Joseon government and staffed by medical missionaries of th…
Shinto Shrine WorshipShinto shrine worship was a policy under Japanese colonial rule by which the Government-General of Korea compelled Koreans to bow at Shinto shrines (…
SicariiThe Sicarii were an armed group active in mid-first-century Judea under Roman rule who opposed Rome and the pro-Roman Jewish ruling class by assassin…
Silk Letter of Hwang Sa-yeongThe Silk Letter of Hwang Sa-yeong is a secret letter written on white silk by the Catholic believer Hwang Sa-yeong during the Sinyu Persecution of 18…
Siloam InscriptionThe Siloam Inscription is an ancient Hebrew inscription carved into the wall of the water tunnel that connects the Gihon Spring and the Pool of Siloa…
SimonySimony is the buying or selling of spiritual things, such as church offices or sacraments, for money or material goods. The term derives from Simon t…
Sinyu PersecutionThe Sinyu Persecution was a large-scale suppression of Catholics by the Joseon court in 1801 (the first year of King Sunjo's reign), while Queen Dowa…
Social GospelThe Social Gospel was a movement within American Protestantism from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth century. It sought to apply the ethics…
Society of JesusThe Society of Jesus is a Catholic religious order of men that began in 1534, when Ignatius of Loyola and his companions took vows in Paris. It recei…
Soongsil SchoolSoongsil School was a Christian school founded in Pyongyang in 1897 by William Baird, a missionary of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. (Northern…
St. Bartholomew's Day MassacreThe St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre began in Paris, France, on August 24, 1572. Catholic forces killed Huguenots (French Protestants) in large numbers…
Student Volunteer MovementThe Student Volunteer Movement (SVM) was an interdenominational student missionary movement that began in 1886 at a student Bible conference at Mount…
SumerSumer was an ancient civilization that flourished in southern Mesopotamia from the late fourth millennium BC to the early second millennium BC. It le…
Sunday School MovementThe Sunday school movement was a church education movement that spread Sunday schools, which teach the Bible to children and adults on the Lord's Day…
Synod of DortThe Synod of Dort was a Reformed church synod held in Dordrecht, the Netherlands, in 1618–1619. It rejected the five articles of the Remonstrants, th…

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TalmudThe Talmud is a body of literature that combines the Mishnah, a compilation of the oral law of Judaism, with its commentary, the Gemara. Compiled bet…
Tel Dan SteleThe Tel Dan Stele consists of fragments of a ninth-century BC Aramaic stone inscription discovered in 1993–1994 at Tel Dan in northern Israel. It is …
The Church and the Democratization MovementThe church and the democratization movement refers to the activities of South Korean Protestants who, on the basis of their faith, called for the res…
The Great Century of MissionsThe Great Century of Missions is a name coined by the American church historian Kenneth Scott Latourette. It refers to the nineteenth century, specif…
The HolocaustThe systematic murder of approximately six million European Jews by Nazi Germany and its collaborators during the World War II era. After the war, it…
The Korean Church and ConfucianismThe Korean church and Confucianism refers to the history of how Christianity, after entering the Neo-Confucian society of Joseon, clashed with and ad…
The Korean Church and ShamanismThis article examines the relationship between Korean Protestantism and shamanism (musok). In the early missionary period Protestants confronted sham…
The Korean War and the ChurchThis article covers the losses suffered by Korean Protestantism during the Korean War (1950–1953) and its responses to them. It addresses the changes…
The March First Movement and ChristianityThe March First Movement and Christianity examines the role Protestantism played in the March First Movement of 1919. Protestants accounted for 16 of…
TherapeutaeThe Therapeutae were a Jewish ascetic and contemplative community that the first-century Jewish philosopher Philo described as living near Alexandria…
Third Council of ConstantinopleThe Third Council of Constantinople was a council held from 680 to 681 in Constantinople, the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. It declared that C…
Third WaveThe Third Wave was a Holy Spirit renewal movement that arose in the United States in the 1980s, led chiefly by C. Peter Wagner and John Wimber. The t…
Thirty Years' WarThe Thirty Years' War was a conflict fought from 1618 to 1648, centered on the Holy Roman Empire. The struggle between Catholics and Protestants was …
Toronto BlessingThe Toronto Blessing was a charismatic revival phenomenon that began in January 1994 at the Toronto Airport Vineyard church in Toronto, Canada. Physi…
TrappistsThe Trappists are a Catholic religious order that arose in 1664 when Rancé, abbot of La Trappe Abbey in France, reformed the Cistercians. Officially …

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Ugaritic TextsThe Ugaritic texts are clay tablets unearthed beginning in 1929 at the site of the ancient city of Ugarit (modern Ras Shamra) on the northwestern coa…
UrartuUrartu was an ancient kingdom on the Armenian Highlands, centered on Lake Van, that existed from the ninth century to the early sixth century BC. The…
Urban Industrial MissionUrban Industrial Mission was a mission movement that Korean Protestants began among factory workers in the late 1950s. It initially focused on evange…

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Via DolorosaThe Via Dolorosa (Latin for "Way of Sorrow") is a route in the Old City of Jerusalem that, according to tradition, Jesus walked while carrying the cr…
Via EgnatiaThe Via Egnatia was a trunk road that Rome built across the Balkan Peninsula in the late second century BC. It is known as the route the apostle Paul…
Vineyard MovementThe Vineyard Movement is a charismatic church movement that originated in the Jesus Movement in the United States during the 1970s. Under the leaders…

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WCC Busan AssemblyThe Tenth Assembly of the World Council of Churches (WCC), held from October 30 to November 8, 2013, at BEXCO in Busan, South Korea, under the theme …
WaldensiansThe Waldensians (also called Waldenses or Vaudois) are a movement of voluntary poverty and preaching that began in the late twelfth century with Vald…
Walk to CanossaThe Walk to Canossa was the event of January 1077 in which the excommunicated German king Henry IV sought forgiveness from Pope Gregory VII at the ca…
Welsh RevivalThe Welsh Revival was a Protestant revival movement that swept across Wales, in the United Kingdom, from 1904 to 1905. Its best-known figure was Evan…
Western SchismThe Western Schism was a division in the Western (Latin) Church from 1378 to 1417, during which two, and later three, rival claimants to the papacy h…
Western WallThe Western Wall is the exposed above-ground portion of the ancient retaining wall that supports the western side of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. A…
Westminster AssemblyThe Westminster Assembly was a council of theologians convened by the Long Parliament of England to reform the national church. It met from 1643 unti…
Witch HuntsWitch hunts were the accusation, trial, and punishment of people suspected of harming others through witchcraft; they are also known as witch trials.…
Wonsan RevivalThe Wonsan Revival was a spiritual awakening that began in August 1903 at a united missionary prayer meeting in Wonsan, when the Southern Methodist m…
World Christian PopulationThe world Christian population is an estimate of the number of people worldwide who identify themselves as Christians or are affiliated with a church…

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Yanghwajin Foreign Missionary CemeteryThe Yanghwajin Foreign Missionary Cemetery is a foreign cemetery on the hill above Yanghwa Ferry in Hapjeong-dong, Mapo District, Seoul. It began in …

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ZigguratA ziggurat is a massive, tower-like structure of ancient Mesopotamia, built of brick in stepped tiers to raise a temple to a lofty height. It is freq…
ZionismZionism is a political and national movement that arose in Europe in the late nineteenth century, seeking to establish a Jewish national state in Pal…